A shekarar 2022 da ta gabata, kasuwar kayayyakin sinadarai ta cikin gida ta nuna raguwar da ta dace gaba daya. A cewar kididdiga daga kungiyoyin kasuwanci, kashi 64% na manyan kayayyakin sinadarai 106 da aka sa ido a kansu a shekarar 2022, kashi 64% na kayayyaki sun fadi, kashi 36% na kayayyaki sun tashi. Kasuwar kayayyakin sinadarai ta nuna karuwar sabbin nau'ikan makamashi, raguwar kayayyakin sinadarai na gargajiya, da daidaita kayan masarufi na asali Tsarin. A cikin jerin jerin "Bita na Kasuwar Sinadarai ta 2022" da aka kaddamar a wannan bugu, za a zabi manyan kayayyakin da ke tasowa da faduwa don nazari.
Babu shakka shekarar 2022 lokaci ne mai kyau a kasuwar gishirin lithium. Lithium hydroxide, lithium carbonate, lithium iron phosphate, da phosphate ma'adinai sun mamaye manyan kujeru 4 a cikin jerin karuwar kayayyakin sinadarai, bi da bi. Musamman ma, kasuwar lithium hydroxide, babbar waƙar da ke ƙara ƙarfi da kuma ƙara ƙarfi a duk tsawon shekara, daga ƙarshe ta mamaye jerin karuwar kashi 155.38% a shekara.
Zagaye biyu na ƙarfin jan hankali da kuma sabbin abubuwa masu inganci
Za a iya raba yanayin kasuwar lithium hydroxide a shekarar 2022 zuwa matakai uku. A farkon shekarar 2022, kasuwar lithium hydroxide ta bude kasuwa a matsakaicin farashin yuan 216,700 (farashin tan, iri ɗaya da na ƙasa). Bayan ƙaruwa mai ƙarfi a kwata na farko, ta ci gaba da kasancewa mai girma a kwata na biyu da na uku. Matsakaicin farashin yuan 10,000 ya ƙare, kuma shekarar ta karu da kashi 155.38%.
A cikin kwata na farko na shekarar 2022, karuwar kwata-kwata a kasuwar lithium hydroxide ta kai kashi 110.77%, wanda a watan Fabrairu ya karu zuwa mafi girma, wanda ya kai kashi 52.73%. A cewar kididdiga daga kungiyoyin kasuwanci, a wannan matakin, ana samun tallafin ta daga ma'adinan sama, kuma farashin lithium lithium carbonate ya ci gaba da tallafawa lithium hydroxide. A lokaci guda, saboda karancin kayan aiki, jimillar yawan aikin lithium hydroxide ya fadi zuwa kusan kashi 60%, kuma saman samar da kayayyaki ya yi karanci. Bukatar lithium hydroxide a cikin masana'antun batirin nickel mai yawan nickel ya karu, kuma rashin daidaiton wadata da buƙata ya haifar da hauhawar farashin lithium hydroxide.
A cikin kwata na biyu da na uku na 2022, kasuwar lithium hydroxide ta nuna babban yanayin canzawa, kuma matsakaicin farashin ya ɗan tashi da kashi 0.63% a cikin wannan zagayen. Daga Afrilu zuwa Mayu na 2022, lithium carbonate ya raunana. An fitar da wasu sabbin ƙarfin wasu masana'antun lithium hydroxide, yawan wadatar da ake samu, buƙatar siyan kayan masarufi a cikin gida ya ragu, kuma kasuwar lithium hydroxide ta bayyana a sama. Tun daga watan Yunin 2022, an ƙara farashin lithium carbonate kaɗan don tallafawa yanayin kasuwa na lithium hydroxide, yayin da sha'awar binciken ƙasa ta ɗan inganta. Ya kai yuan 481,700.
Da shiga kwata na huɗu na shekarar 2022, kasuwar lithium hydroxide ta sake tashi, tare da karuwar kwata na 14.88%. A cikin yanayin lokacin zafi, samarwa da sayar da sabbin motocin makamashi a tashar jiragen ruwa sun karu sosai, kuma kasuwa tana da wahalar samu. Sabuwar manufar tallafin makamashi da aka sanya wa hannu tana gabatowa a ƙarshen ƙarshe, kuma wasu kamfanonin motoci za su shirya tun da wuri don haɓaka kasuwar lithium hydroxide don buƙatar batirin makamashi mai ƙarfi. A lokaci guda, wanda annobar cikin gida ta shafa, wadatar kasuwa ta yi ƙaranci, kuma kasuwar lithium hydroxide za ta sake tashi. Bayan tsakiyar watan Nuwamba na 2022, farashin lithium carbonate ya ragu, kuma kasuwar lithium hydroxide ta faɗi kaɗan, kuma farashin ƙarshe ya rufe a yuan 553,300.
Samar da kayan amfanin gona na sama yana da ƙarancin wadata
Idan aka waiwaya baya a shekarar 2022, ba wai kawai kasuwar lithium hydroxide ta tashi kamar bakan gizo ba, har ma da sauran samfuran jerin gishirin lithium sun yi aiki mai kyau. Lithium carbonate ta tashi da kashi 89.47%, lithium iron phosphate ta karu da kashi 58.1% a shekara, kuma karuwar sinadarin phosphorus na lithium iron phosphate ta shekara-shekara ta kai kashi 53.94%. Muhimmancin Masana'antu sun yi imanin cewa babban dalilin da ya sa gishirin lithium ya yi tashin gwauron zabi a shekarar 2022 shi ne farashin albarkatun lithium ya ci gaba da hauhawa, wanda ya haifar da ci gaba da karuwar karancin gishirin lithium, wanda hakan ya haifar da hauhawar farashin gishirin lithium.
A cewar wani sabon ma'aikacin tallata batirin makamashi a Liaoning, galibi an raba lithium hydroxide zuwa hanyoyi biyu na samar da lithium hydroxide da salt lake da ke shirin samar da lithium hydroxide da salt lake. Lithium hydroxide bayan lithium carbonate mai matakin masana'antu. A shekarar 2022, kamfanonin da ke amfani da lithium hydroxide ta amfani da pylori sun fuskanci karancin albarkatun ma'adinai. A gefe guda, karfin samar da lithium hydroxide yana da iyaka a karkashin rashin albarkatun lithium. A gefe guda kuma, a halin yanzu akwai wasu 'yan tsirarun masu samar da lithium hydroxide da aka tabbatar da su ta hanyar famfon batirin kasa da kasa, don haka samar da lithium hydroxide mai karfin gaske yana da iyaka.
Mai sharhi kan harkokin tsaro na Ping, Chen Xiao, ya nuna a cikin rahoton binciken cewa matsalar kayan aiki muhimmin abu ne da ke kawo cikas ga sarkar masana'antar batirin lithium. Ga hanyoyin ɗaga lithium na gishiri a tafkin salt lake, saboda sanyaya yanayi, ƙafewar tafkunan gishiri na raguwa, kuma wadatar tana da ƙarancin wadata, musamman a kwata na farko da na huɗu. Saboda ƙarancin albarkatun da ke tattare da sinadarin lithium iron phosphate, saboda ƙarancin albarkatun, wadatar tafkunan ba ta isa ba kuma ta haɓaka babban matakin aiki, kuma ƙaruwar shekara-shekara ta kai kashi 53.94%.
Bukatar makamashi ta sabuwar tashar ta ƙaru
A matsayin muhimmin kayan aiki ga batirin lithium-ion mai yawan nickel, karuwar bukatar sabbin masana'antun kera motoci masu amfani da makamashi ya samar da kwarin gwiwa fiye da hauhawar farashin lithium hydroxide.
Ping An Securities ta nuna cewa sabuwar kasuwar tashar samar da makamashi ta ci gaba da ƙarfi a shekarar 2022, kuma aikinta har yanzu yana da kyau. Ana ci gaba da samar da masana'antun batirin da ke amfani da lithium hydroxide, kuma buƙatar manyan batirin nickel ternary da lithium na ƙarfe na ci gaba da inganta. A cewar sabbin bayanai daga Ƙungiyar Motoci ta China, daga watan Janairu zuwa Nuwamba 2022, samarwa da sayar da sabbin motocin makamashi sun kai miliyan 6.253 da miliyan 60.67, bi da bi, matsakaicin ƙaruwar shekara-shekara, kuma hannun jarin kasuwa ya kai kashi 25%.
A cikin yanayin ƙarancin albarkatu da buƙata mai ƙarfi, farashin gishirin lithium kamar lithium hydroxide ya yi tashin gwauron zabi, kuma sarkar masana'antar wutar lantarki ta lithium ta faɗa cikin "damuwa". Masu samar da kayan batirin wutar lantarki, masana'antun da sabbin masana'antun kera motoci masu amfani da makamashi suna ƙara himma wajen siyan gishirin lithium. A shekarar 2022, masana'antun kayan batiri da yawa sun rattaba hannu kan kwangilolin samar da kayayyaki tare da masu samar da lithium hydroxide. Wani reshe mallakar Avchem Group ya sanya hannu kan kwangilar samar da lithium hydroxide mai amfani da baturi tare da Axix. Ya kuma sanya hannu kan kwangiloli tare da reshen Tianhua Super Clean na Tianyi Lithium da Sichuan Tianhua don samfuran lithium hydroxide mai amfani da baturi.
Baya ga kamfanonin batir, kamfanonin motoci suna fafatawa sosai wajen samar da kayan lithium hydroxide. A shekarar 2022, an ruwaito cewa Mercedes-Benz, BMW, General Motors da sauran kamfanonin motoci sun sanya hannu kan yarjejeniyar samar da lithium hydroxide mai nauyin batir, kuma Tesla ta ce za ta gina masana'antar sinadarai ta lithium hydroxide mai nauyin batir, wadda za ta shiga kai tsaye a fannin samar da sinadarai na lithium.
Gabaɗaya, ci gaban da ake samu a masana'antar kera motoci masu amfani da makamashi ya kawo babban buƙatar kasuwa ga lithium hydroxide, kuma ƙarancin albarkatun lithium na sama ya haifar da ƙarancin ƙarfin samar da lithium hydroxide, wanda ya tura farashin kasuwa zuwa babban matsayi.
Lokacin Saƙo: Fabrairu-02-2023