Kasuwar Acid ta Duniya Na Fuskantar Babban Sauyi Yayin da Hana Samar da Kayanta a Turai Ya Dakatar A Yayin Da Matsalar Makamashi Take

Masana'antar acetic acid ta duniya na fuskantar gagarumin sauyi a cikin kwata na uku na shekarar 2026, bayan dakatarwar da aka yi wa babban kamfanin samar da acetic acid na Turai na ƙarshe ba tare da wani ɓata lokaci ba ta hanyar INEOS Group, babbar masana'antar sinadarai ta duniya. Sakamakon hauhawar farashin iskar gas, canjin sarkar samar da kayayyaki ta duniya, da kuma buƙatar da ake buƙata, kasuwar acetic acid tana fuskantar manyan canje-canje a tsarin samar da kayayyaki, sauyin farashi, da kuma haɓaka fasaha a yankuna daban-daban.

A ƙarshen watan Satumba na 2026, INEOS ta sanar da dakatar da samar da acetyls guda uku na duniya da ke Hull, Birtaniya, wanda hakan ke nuna janyewar manyan kamfanonin samar da acetic acid daga babban yankin Turai. A cewar sanarwar kamfanin, biyu daga cikin layukan samarwa guda uku sun riga sun daina aiki, inda aka tsara rufe sashen ƙarshe cikin 'yan kwanaki. Kayayyakin da aka dakatar suna wakiltar tsarin samar da acetic acid na ƙarshe a Turai, wanda ya kawo ƙarshen matsayin yankin na tsawon shekaru da dama a matsayin babban mai samar da acetic acid da samfuran da aka samo asali a duniya.

Babban abin da ya haifar da dakatarwar samar da kayayyaki a tarihi shi ne hauhawar farashin makamashi da ke addabar masana'antun Turai. Yayin da farashin iskar gas ya ci gaba da hauhawa a duk faɗin nahiyar, tsarin samar da acetic acid mai amfani da makamashi ya rasa gasa a farashi. Idan aka kwatanta da tushen samar da kayayyaki masu rahusa a China, Amurka, da Gabas ta Tsakiya, masana'antun acetic acid na Turai suna cikin raguwar riba da matsin lamba na aiki. Bugu da ƙari, kwararar kayayyakin acetic acid da aka shigo da su daga ƙasashen waje masu rahusa ya ƙara rage yawan kasuwar gida, wanda ya tilasta wa INEOS yanke shawara mai tsauri ta dakatar da samarwa har abada.

Rufewar ta haifar da mummunan tasiri ga masana'antu da zamantakewa a Burtaniya da Turai. Bayanan masana'antu na gida sun nuna cewa masana'antun Hull guda uku suna tallafawa kusan ayyuka 4,000 kai tsaye da na kai tsaye, waɗanda suka shafi ayyukan samarwa, gyaran fasaha, da shirye-shiryen koyon sana'o'i na masana'antu. Dakatar da samarwa kwatsam ya haifar da damuwa mai yawa tsakanin masu aikin injiniya na gida da mahalarta sarkar samar da kayayyaki na masana'antu, yayin da kuma ya haifar da gibin wadata a kasuwar acetic acid ta yankin Turai.

Duk da raguwar wadatar kayayyaki a Turai, kasuwar acetic acid ta duniya tana ci gaba da samun ci gaba a fannin buƙatu a shekarar 2026. A matsayinta na babban tushen sinadarai, acetic acid, musamman glacial acetic acid mai tsafta tare da tsaftar sama da kashi 98%, ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin vinyl acetate monomer (VAM), samar da terephthalic acid (PTA), sarrafa abinci, masana'antar magunguna, da kuma masana'antar kare muhalli. Rahotannin kasuwar masana'antu sun nuna cewa glacial acetic acid ya kai kashi 87.6% na buƙatar kasuwa a duniya a shekarar 2026, tare da buƙatar samfura masu tsafta na ci gaba da ƙaruwa a tsakanin haɓaka masana'antu.

Rashin daidaiton samar da kayayyaki a yankuna ya zama babban abin da kasuwar yanzu ke fuskanta. Duk da cewa Turai na fuskantar matsalar rashin isassun kayayyaki da karancin wadata, kasuwar duniya tana dogaro da karfin samar da kayayyaki daga Asiya da Arewacin Amurka don cike gibin. A cikin kwata uku na farko na 2026, karancin samar da methanol a Gabas ta Tsakiya ya kara farashin kayan masarufi a duniya, wanda hakan ya haifar da karuwar farashin sinadarin spot acetic acid a kasuwannin Turai da na duniya. A halin yanzu, masana'antun duniya suna hanzarta ci gaban fasaha don jure matsin lamba na farashi da canje-canjen kasuwa.

Fasahar haɗa sinadarin carbonylation, wadda ta mamaye sama da kashi 75% na ƙarfin samar da sinadarin acetic acid a duniya, ta zama babbar hanyar haɓaka masana'antu a shekarar 2026. Manyan kamfanonin sinadarai suna mai da hankali kan inganta abubuwan da ke haifar da sinadarai, haɗakar zafi, da kuma sauya tsarin sarrafa dijital don rage yawan amfani da makamashi da farashin samarwa. Ana rage yawan amfani da makamashi a hankali, yayin da hanyoyin samar da makamashi mai inganci da ƙarancin carbon ke samun rinjaye a kasuwa.

Masu sharhi kan masana'antu sun nuna cewa dakatar da karfin Turai ba zai haifar da matsalar samar da kayayyaki a duniya a cikin dan kankanin lokaci ba, amma zai sake fasalin tsarin cinikin acetic acid na duniya. Bukatar kasuwar Turai za ta dogara ne kacokan kan kayayyakin da aka shigo da su daga Asiya da Arewacin Amurka a nan gaba, wanda zai kara inganta zirga-zirgar cinikayyar sinadarai tsakanin yankuna daban-daban. A cikin dogon lokaci, masana'antar acetic acid ta duniya za ta gabatar da yanayin ci gaba nayawan ƙarfin samarwa a yanki, ci gaba da haɓaka samfuran tsafta mai yawa, da kuma samar da ƙarancin carbon mai wayo.

Idan aka yi la'akari da kwata na huɗu na 2026 da 2027, hankalin kasuwa zai koma ga yanayin farashin makamashi na Turai, sake farawa da sake zagayowar sassan INEOS marasa aiki, da kuma ci gaban fitar da sabbin ƙarfin samarwa a Asiya. Tare da ingantaccen buƙatar sabbin kayayyaki, magunguna, da sinadarai masu kyau, ana sa ran kasuwar acetic acid ta duniya za ta ci gaba da kasancewa mai ci gaba a girma, yayin da gasar masana'antu za ta canza daga gasa mai sauƙi ta farashi zuwa gasa ta fasaha da ƙarfin masana'antu masu kore.