A cikin tsarin masana'antar mai da sinadarai ta ƙasata, daga manyan masana'antu zuwa masana'antu masu inganci, sabbin sakamako a fannin sabbin kayayyaki tare da ƙarancin shigar ruwa tare da ƙananan kamfanonin cikin gida sun bunƙasa kamar namomin kaza, da nasu guda biyu, polyolefin elastomers (POE), carbon fiber fiber, da carbon fiber. Yanayin sabbin kayayyaki kamar robobi masu lalacewa da sauran sabbin kayayyaki abin sha'awa ne. A taron musayar ayyukan bincike na kimiyya na makaranta ta 6 da kuma taron tashar jiragen ruwa da aka gudanar a Shanghai a ranar 20 ga Afrilu, Luo Qiming, mataimakin darektan Sashen Kimiyya da Fasaha da Kayan Aiki na Tarayyar Man Fetur, ya tsefe tare da tsara kayayyaki da kuma tattara su.
Manyan kayan albarkatun halitta sun sami ci gaba
Adiponitrile muhimmin abu ne na nailan 66, wanda ke da wahalar samarwa a fannin fasaha. Har zuwa yanzu, kasuwar kayayyakin ta kasance karkashin Invista. A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, tare da saurin ci gaban zare mai sinadarai, robobi na injiniya da sauran fannoni, filin aikace-aikacen nailan 66 ya fi fadi, kamfanoni da dama na cikin gida sun sami ci gaba a fannin bincike da ci gaba da masana'antar adiponitrile, ayyukan adiponitrile sun fara.
Luo Qiming ya gabatar da cewa akwai manyan hanyoyi guda biyu na fasaha a cikin bincike da haɓaka adipdinitrile na cikin gida, wato hanyar adipdinic acid da hanyar butadiene.
Kamfanin Chongqing Huafeng Group yana gina wani kamfanin adipdinitrile mai nauyin tan 200,000 bisa ga kamfanin adipdinitrile mai nauyin tan 100,000 wanda za a kammala a shekarar 2020 ta hanyar amfani da tsarin adipdinic acid.
Tsarin butadiene kuma fasaha ce da Invista ke amfani da ita, wadda ke da fa'idodin gajeriyar hanyar aiki, ƙarancin farashin kayan masarufi da kuma ingancin samfura masu kyau. Bayan shekaru da yawa na bincike da haɓakawa, China Chemical Tianchen Qixiang New Materials Co., LTD., amfani da fasahar hydrocyanidation kai tsaye ta butadiene mai tan 200,000/shekara ta adiponitrile ta kuma buɗe dukkan sarkar masana'antu kuma ta fara cikin nasara.
A cewar wakilin, za a ƙaddamar da aikin gina tan 50/shekara na aikin adipdinitrile na butadiene a ƙarshen wannan shekarar.
Tsarin gida na nau'ikan polyolefin masu tsayi
"Tsarin polyethylene mai ruwa-gas da kuma tsarin polypropylene mai tubular, wanda ke da haƙƙin mallakar fasaha mai zaman kansa, an yi su duka a ƙasarmu. "Kayayyakin polyolefin masu inganci kamar POE da UHMWPE (polyethylene mai yawan ƙwayoyin halitta) suna danna maɓallin 'accelerator' don samarwa." Luo Qiming ya ce lokacin da yake magana game da haɓaka nau'ikan polyolefin masu inganci.
POE yana ɗaya daga cikin kayan da ba su da yawa a cikin kayan roba, kuma muhimmin abu ne don shirya sabon ƙarni na fim ɗin photovoltaic. Sinopec, wacce ta fara binciken fasahar masana'antu ta POE shekaru 20 da suka gabata, yanzu tana samun fa'idodi. Wakilin ya gano cewa a cikin bikin baje kolin roba da filastik na ƙasa da ƙasa na China karo na 35 da aka kammala kwanan nan, Sinopec ta fitar da jerin sabbin kayayyaki ciki har da POE elastomer, Sinopec ta zama kamfanin farko da ke samar da lasisin fasaha na cikin gida tare da cikakken saitin haƙƙin mallakar fasaha mai zaman kansa na POE.
A lokaci guda kuma, Wanhua Chemical da sauransu suna da sharuɗɗan masana'antar POE. Bayanai sun nuna cewa daga watan Maris na 2023, ƙarfin samar da kayayyaki na cikin gida da aka tsara za a yi a China ya kai tan miliyan 2.1. A cikin shekaru 2 zuwa 3 masu zuwa, ƙasata za ta fara haɓɓaka yawan samar da kayayyaki na POE.
Tare da kyakkyawan aikinta na samfura, UHMWPE ta sami ƙarin kulawa daga kamfanonin man fetur da makamashi a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. A cewar mai rahoto, tun daga watan Yulin 2022, Daqing Petrochemical, Jiangsu Sturbang, da Cibiyar Bincike Kan Sinadarai ta Shanghai sun shiga masana'antar UHMWPE ta hanyar sabon samarwa ko faɗaɗa makamashi. Daga cikinsu, alkiblar da samfurin Daqing Petrochemical ke fuskanta ita ce diaphragm na batirin lithium. Alkiblar da samfurin ke fuskanta na shigar da tan 20,000 a kowace shekara a Jiangsu Serbon kuma ya dogara ne akan diaphragm na batirin lithium da kayan fiber. Kayan fiber, kayan diaphragm na batirin lithium da resin mai narkewa sune manyan abubuwan da ke haifar da hakan.
A watan Maris da ya gabata, an fara samar da na'urar UHMWPE ta bututun zobe mai nauyin tan 30,000 na Cibiyar Binciken Sinadarai ta Shanghai, wanda hakan ya nuna cewa ƙasata ta cimma manyan nasarori a fannin fasaha da fasaha ta farko a duniya. Diaphragm ɗin batirin fiber da lithium suna samar da resin na asali.
Babbar fasahar kayan da za a iya lalata su ta hanyar biodegradable
Aiwatar da takaita tsarin filastik yana ƙara "wuta" don haɓakawa da samar da kayan da za su iya lalata kwayoyin halitta. A cewar Luo Qiming, ƙasata ta ƙware a fannin polycolic acid (PGA), polynxyl -bonol (PBS), polyphonal acid -hexyl -bonol (PBAT), polystumin (PLA), Polybon (PCL), Polycarbonate (PPC), Polycroxy Fatty acid ester (PHA) da sauran fasahar samar da masana'antu, sun rufe babban nau'in filastik mai lalacewa, kuma sun gina nau'ikan filastik masu lalacewa a duniya. Cikakken tsarin masana'antu.
A halin yanzu, PLA ita ce kayan da suka fi lalacewa don bincike da amfani. Manyan fasahohi sun sami ci gaba a China, kuma suna iya yin gogayya da kayayyakin da aka shigo da su daga waje. Bugu da ƙari, akwai sabbin nau'ikan resin da za a iya lalatawa a karon farko a ƙasata, kamar PGA, polytic benzonite dilate (PBST), da kuma robar polyester ta farko da za a iya lalatawa a ƙasata Essence.
A cewar manema labarai, Kamfanin Shanghai Dong Geng ya samar da fasaha mai zaman kanta bisa hanyar PGA ta doka ta budewar ethyl ester, wacce za ta iya samun darajar PGA ta likitanci; Cibiyar Bincike ta Kayan Jiki Mai Rage Nauyin Jiki ta Jami'ar Sinadarai ta Beijing ta karya ta hanyar robar polymer mai yawan kwayoyin halitta. Ci gaba da samar da ita ya samar da wani abu mai rai don lalata kayan robar polyester da kuma kammala gwajin gwaji na dubban tan.
Sabuwar hanyar yin robar roba ta cika gibin
Gyaran aikin robar polystyrene butadiene da aka narkar abu ne mai jan hankali a fannin robar polystyrene butadiene da aka narkar, wanda zai iya inganta halayen kayayyakin roba sosai, amma ba a ƙaddamar da wani samfurin masana'antu a China ba. A watan Mayu na 2021, petrochina, Jami'ar Tongji da Jami'ar Fasaha ta Dalian sun haɗu suka haɓaka fasahar haɗa robar polystyrene butadiene da aka narkar, kuma suka kammala saitin farko na na'urar robar polystyrene butadiene da aka narkar a Dushanzi Petrochemical a China. An yi amfani da samfurin a cikin robar taya mai kore.
Robar Neoprene tana ɗaya daga cikin muhimman kayan aiki na dabarun tattalin arzikin ƙasa da masana'antar tsaro ta ƙasa. Amma samar da butadiene na tsarin robar neoprene yana da sarkakiya, fasahar kayan aiki ta asali tana da wahala. Kamfanin Jinjiao Hi-tech (Shanghai) Co., LTD., ya karya wannan "ƙashi mai tauri", ya ƙirƙiro sabon tsari na robar neoprene na butadiene, kuma ya kammala gwajin gwaji. "Idan aka kwatanta da tsarinmu na gargajiya na calcium carbide, tsarin zai iya cimma nasara mai girma a fannin farashin samarwa da ingancin samfura," in ji Luo Qiming.
Muhimman abubuwan da suka shafi robobi na injiniya da zare na musamman sun fi shahara
Fiber ɗin carbon, wanda aka fi sani da "Sarkin Sabbin Kayayyaki", sabon abu ne mai mahimmanci ga tattalin arzikin ƙasa da gina tsaron ƙasa. Yanzu ƙasata ta zama ƙasa ta uku da ke da fasahar fiber ɗin carbon mai inganci bayan Japan da Amurka. "Fiber ɗin carbon na ƙasata na matakin T300 ya kai matsayin samfuran ƙasashen waje iri ɗaya; Fiber ɗin carbon na matakin T700 da T800 sun cimma samar da masana'antu; fasahar maɓallin fiber ɗin carbon na matakin T1000 da M55J sun sami ci gaba a cikin manyan fasahohi, kuma sun fara samarwa." in ji Luo Qiming.
Fiber ɗin polytamide mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi yana da fa'idodi masu yawa na amfani a fannoni masu ƙarfi kamar su sufurin jiragen sama, sararin samaniya, na'urorin lantarki, da kariya. Jami'ar Fasahar Sinadarai ta Beijing ta ƙirƙiro fasahar samar da fiber ɗin polytamide mai ƙarfi mai ƙarfi, wadda ke amfani da wannan fasahar don gina layin samar da fiber ɗin polytamide mai ƙarfi na farko a gida da waje, da kuma samar da jerin kayayyaki.
Bugu da ƙari, ketone mai siffar phenolic polyford polyford etherone wanda Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta Dalian da Kwalejin Kimiyya ta China suka ƙirƙiro shi ma shine na farko a duniya, kuma an gina dukkan na'urorin masana'antu.
Sinadaran lantarki suna ci gaba da sauri
Saurin bunƙasa sabuwar masana'antar makamashi ya kawo wa masana'antar sinadarai ta lantarki damar ci gaba, kuma gasa tsakanin kamfanoni da yawa na cikin gida ta shiga cikin sauri don haɓaka fasahar sinadarai ta lantarki.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, ƙarfin phosphate na masana'antu da na abinci ya yi yawa, amma muhimman kayan samar da guntu kamar phosphate na matakin lantarki mai matuƙar girma sun dogara gaba ɗaya kan shigo da kayayyaki daga ƙasashen waje. Bayan fiye da shekaru 10 na ƙoƙari ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba, phosphate na matakin lantarki mai matuƙar girma na ƙungiyar Xingfa Group ya cimma matakin tsarkin phosphate daga "3 9″ zuwa "9 9″".
Ana amfani da sinadarin hydrofluoric acid mai nauyin lantarki wajen tsaftacewa da tsatsa na da'irori masu hade da manyan kwakwalwan da'ira masu hade. Ɗaya daga cikin shugabannin sinadarai na lantarki na cikin gida ya shiga tsarin samar da kayayyaki na TSMC a hukumance a watan Mayu na 2022, kuma ya fara duba shi. Isarwa ta tarin kayan sinadarai na lantarki masu tsafta, waɗanda galibi sune hydrofluoric acid a cikin semiconductor -grade.
Bugu da ƙari, wasu sinadarai masu laushi na lantarki da Suzhou Jingrui suka ƙirƙira kuma suka samar, kamar su hydrogen peroxide da sulfuric acid, Haohua Gas, nitrogen trifluoride na Sinoship 718 Institute, iskar chlorine mai tsabta da hydrogen chloride na iskar Taihe, iskar gas ta musamman ta Jiangsu Jacque, kushin goge Hubei Dinglong da sauran sinadarai na lantarki suma sun cika buƙatun kera guntu na zamani.
"Ci gaban sinadarin argon fluoride photoresist don ci gaba da sarrafa kwakwalwan sarrafawa, wanda shine mafi wahala, har yanzu ƙalubale ne." Luo Qiming ya ce duk da cewa akwai na'urori da yawa na gida bi da bi, daga resin monomer, photoinitiator, solvent zuwa photoresist don magance dukkan sarkar masana'antu, amma a halin yanzu wani ɓangare ne kawai na samfuran da aka yi amfani da su wajen gwajin kasuwanci.
Lokacin Saƙo: Mayu-08-2023