I.Bayanin Masana'antu da Ci gaban Fasaha
Polyacrylamide (PAM), a matsayin daya daga cikin mafi mahimmancin sinadarai masu kula da ruwa, ya sami ci gaba mai mahimmanci a cikin fasahar fasaha da aikace-aikacen kasuwa a cikin 'yan shekarun nan. Dangane da sabon rahoton bincike na kasuwa, kasuwar PAM ta duniya ta kai dala biliyan 4.58 a cikin 2023 kuma ana hasashen za ta yi girma zuwa dala biliyan 6.23 nan da shekarar 2028, tare da karuwar karuwar shekara-shekara na 6.3%. Bangaren kula da ruwa ya kai sama da kashi 65% na yawan amfani, wanda ke aiki a matsayin ginshikin ci gaban masana'antu.
1. Ci gaba a cikin Anionic Polyacrylamide (APAM)
A cikin 2023, ƙungiyar bincike daga Jami'ar Kimiyya da Fasaha ta kasar Sin ta buga mahimman bincike a cikin * Ruwan yanayi *, sun sami nasarar haɓaka wani sabon abu na APAM tare da halayen "masu amsa". Yin amfani da fasahar buga kwayoyin halitta, wannan samfurin na iya daidaita tsarin sa na ƙwayoyin cuta ta atomatik dangane da nau'ikan gurɓataccen ruwa a cikin ruwa, yana haɓaka ƙarfin cire ion ƙarfe mai nauyi da kashi 40%, musamman dacewa da ma'adinan ruwan sharar gida. Bayanan filin daga aikin kula da ruwan datti na ma'adanin tagulla a Jiangxi sun nuna cewa an sami nasarar kawar da ion tagulla da kashi 99.2% yayin da aka rage farashin jiyya da kashi 35%.
A lokaci guda kuma, Mitsubishi Chemical na Japan ya gabatar da jerin APAM mai juriya mai zafi wanda ke kiyaye aiki mai ƙarfi a 80-120°C, yana magance ƙalubalen fasaha a cikin sharar ruwan filin mai da iskar gas. Wannan samfurin ya nuna kyakkyawan aiki a tsarin kula da ruwa na filin mai na Saudi Aramco, yana haɓaka saurin samar da ruwa da kashi 50% da rage lokacin daidaitawa zuwa kashi biyu bisa uku na samfuran na yau da kullun.
2. Haɓaka Fasaha a cikin Cationic Polyacrylamide (CPAM)
Sashin kula da sludge ya ga canje-canje masu canzawa. A farkon 2024, BASF na Jamus ya ƙaddamar da sabon samfurin CPAM mai nauyi mai girman gaske tare da nauyin kwayoyin da ya wuce Daltons miliyan 20. Ta hanyar fasaha ta musamman ta hanyar haɗin kai, wannan samfurin yana samar da tsarin cibiyar sadarwa mai yawa a lokacin sludge dewatering, cimma abubuwan da ke cikin sludge bayan dewatering a ƙasa da 58% - haɓaka-maki 10 akan samfuran na yau da kullun. Bayan amfani da wannan fasaha, Shuka Kula da Ruwan Ruwa na Municipal na Paris ya ƙara ƙarfin maganin sludge da kashi 30% yayin da rage yawan amfani da sinadarai da kashi 15%.
Musamman ma, wani farawa na Dutch ya haɓaka CPAM na biosynthetic ta amfani da fasahar gyara halittar CRISPR. An yi ta ta hanyar injiniya * E. coli * fermentation, wannan tsari gaba ɗaya yana guje wa amfani da acrylamide monomer, yana rage ecotoxicity na samfur da kashi 90% da yanke iskar carbon da kashi 65% yayin samarwa. Kodayake farashin na yanzu ya kasance ~ 20% sama da hanyoyin haɗin sinadarai, ana sa ran fa'idodi masu fa'ida sosai kan samun sikelin samarwa nan da 2026.
3. Fadada Aikace-aikace na Nonionic Polyacrylamide (NPAM)
NPAM yana nuna fa'idodi na musamman a cikin kulawar ruwa na musamman. A ƙarshen 2023, Dow Chemical ya gabatar da jerin NPAM mai hankali pH wanda ke daidaita sarkar kwayoyin halitta ta atomatik a cikin pH 2-12, inganta ingantaccen ma'aunin nano da aka dakatar da daskararru ta sau 3-5. An yi nasarar amfani da wannan fasaha a cikin shirye-shiryen ruwa mai ƙarfi don masana'antar semiconductor, cimma ma'aunin ingancin ruwa na 18.2 MΩ · cm.
Masu bincike na Koriya ta Kudu sun haɓaka NPAM mai gani-haske-haske ta hanyar gabatar da sassan tsarin azobenzene. Sauran polymers na iya raguwa zuwa ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin cuta a cikin sa'o'i 48 a ƙarƙashin hasken halitta, gaba ɗaya warware batutuwan da suka rage na PAM na gargajiya. An yi gwajin wannan fasaha a cikin zaɓaɓɓun tsire-tsire na ruwan sha na Seoul, tare da kasuwancin da ake sa ran nan da 2025.
II. Karfin Kasuwa da Ci gaban Yanki
1. Canje-canje a Yanayin Kasuwar Duniya
Yankin Asiya-Pacific ya zama kasuwar PAM mafi girma cikin sauri, wanda ya kai kashi 46% na yawan amfanin duniya a cikin 2023, tare da China ke ba da gudummawar mafi yawan ci gaban. Bayanai daga Tarayyar masana'antun man fetur da sinadarai na kasar Sin sun nuna cewa yawan amfanin da PAM na kasar Sin ya samu ya kai tan 920,000 a shekarar 2023, tare da shigo da kayayyaki da ke kiyaye karuwar kashi 15% na shekara-musamman ga manyan kayayyakin CPAM, inda dogaro da shigo da kayayyaki ya ragu da kashi 40%.
Kasuwar Turai tana nuna abubuwan da suka bambanta. Ta hanyar tsauraran ka'idojin muhalli, samfuran PAM masu lalacewa sun karu daga kashi 8% a cikin 2020 zuwa kashi 22% a cikin 2023. Veolia na Faransa ya sanar da shirye-shiryen maye gurbin CPAM na gargajiya tare da madadin kore nan da 2026.
Kasuwar Arewacin Amurka, wacce ci gaban shale gas ke motsawa, yana ci gaba da buƙatar APAM mai ƙarfi. Siyan PAM na Amurka ya karu da kashi 18% a shekarar 2023, inda aka yi amfani da kashi 60% wajen maganin sharar ruwan mai da iskar gas. Musamman ma, Mexico ta fito a matsayin sabuwar cibiyar samar da kayayyaki, tare da ƙasashe da yawa da ke kafa tushen samar da gida.
2. Tsare-tsare Tsakanin Farashi da Supply Chain
Daga 2023 zuwa 2024, kasuwannin albarkatun kasa na PAM sun sami babban canji. Farashin Acrylamide monomer ya kai matsayi na tarihi a cikin Q3 2023 amma ya dawo zuwa matakan da suka dace ta Q2 2024 yayin da kasar Sin ta kara sabon karfin samarwa. Duk da haka, cationic reagent DMC (methacryloyloxyethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride) farashin ya ci gaba da hauhawa saboda m upstream propylene oxide wadata, yana kara farashin samar da CPAM da 12-15%.
Game da sarƙoƙin wadata, shugabannin masana'antu sun haɓaka haɗin kai tsaye. Ƙungiyar Solvay ta kashe Yuro miliyan 300 a cikin sabon tsarin samar da haɗin gwiwa a Belgium, yana ba da damar samar da cikakken tsari daga acrylonitrile zuwa samfuran ƙarshe. Ana tsammanin ƙaddamarwa a cikin 2025, wannan zai rage ƙimar farashi da 20%. Ƙananan masana'antu da matsakaitan masana'antu sun koma ga ƙwarewa-misali, Italmatch ta Italiya ta mayar da hankali kan haɓaka ƙirar APAM na musamman don tsaftace ruwan teku.
Lokacin aikawa: Mayu-09-2025