Polyurethane wani muhimmin sabon kayan sinadari ne.Saboda kyakkyawan aikin sa da amfani daban-daban, an san shi da "filaye na biyar mafi girma".Daga kayan daki, tufafi, zuwa sufuri, gine-gine, wasanni, da sararin samaniya da kuma gine-ginen tsaro na kasa, kayan aikin polyurethane na ko'ina sune wakilan sababbin sababbin kayan sinadarai da kuma goyon baya mai mahimmanci ga ƙasata don gina ƙasa mai karfi.
Bayan fiye da shekaru 20 na ci gaba da sauri na masana'antar albarkatun kasa na polyurethane, ya nuna canji daga girma - zuwa canji mai kyau.Fasahar samarwa da ƙarfin samar da isocyanate sun kasance kan gaba a duniya.Ya shiga lokacin haɓaka fasahar fasaha wanda ya shiga haɓaka mai inganci.A halin yanzu, kasar Sin ta zama kasa mafi girma a duniya wajen samar da albarkatun kasa na polyurethane da kuma samar da kayayyaki, haka kuma ta zama yanki mafi cikakku a fannin aikace-aikacen polyurethane.
A matsayin maɓalli mai mahimmanci don polyurethane, abubuwan haɓakawa na polyurethane abubuwa ne waɗanda zasu iya amsawa tare da halayen rukuni na aiki akan layin polymer na layi don faɗaɗa sarkar kwayoyin halitta da haɓaka nauyin kwayoyin.Abu ne mai mahimmanci don samar da samfuran polyurethane da yawa.A cikin kira na polyurethane kayan, polyurethane fadada jamiái iya cimma biyu sinadaran halayen: fadada da kuma giciye-linking cimma high -performance, high quality-polyurethane abu samar, kamar inganta taurin, elasticity, da tearing mataki na polyurethane abu kayayyakin. da darajar tsagewa.Physics da sinadarai m aiki na zafin jiki juriya, mai juriya, yanayi juriya da kuma lalata juriya.
一, The rawar da rarrabuwa na polyurethane sarkar fadada wakili
Wakilin fadada polyurethane yana nufin ƙananan amine na kwayoyin halitta da mahaɗan giya wanda ke ɗauke da ƙungiyoyi biyu masu aiki, waɗanda zasu iya haifar da nau'in polymer na layi ta hanyar haɓakar haɓakar sarkar.Ta hanyar amfani da nau'ikan haɓaka sarkar daban-daban, ko canza tsarin haɓakar sarkar, ana samun halayen sinadarai na ƙimar daban-daban, kuma ana samar da kayan polyurethane tare da buƙatun aiki daban-daban.
Matsayin abubuwan haɓaka sarkar polyurethane a cikin halayen haɗin gwiwar polyurethane sun haɗa da:
(1) Wakilin haɓaka sarkar polyurethane yana da ƙungiyar halayen (amino da ƙungiyar hydroxyl) waɗanda zasu iya yin halayen sinadarai tare da isocyanate.Nauyin kwayoyin halitta da rayayyun motsin rai na iya sa tsarin amsawar polyurethane da sauri ya faɗaɗa ko ƙarfafawa, samar da layi tare da mafi girman nauyin kwayoyin halitta Kwayoyin suna da aikin polymer.
(2) Daban-daban sarkar extenders da daban-daban reactivity.Ta amfani da nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan nau'ikan haɓaka sarkar da sashi, daidaita ma'aunin reactor, ƙwayoyin cuta da sifofin morphological don dacewa da samarwa da samfuran polyurethane da samfuran tsarin daban-daban da buƙatun inganci.
(3) Daban-daban nau'ikan fadada polyurethane na iya ba da kaddarorin polyurethane daban-daban, kuma an gabatar da wasu sifofin rukunin rukuni a cikin ƙwayoyin haɓaka sarkar a cikin babban sarkar polyurethane, wanda ke shafar injiniyoyi da ingantaccen aikin polyurethane, kamar ƙarfi da juriya abrasion, Anti -defiring gajiya, zafin jiki juriya, yanayi juriya, mai juriya, lalata juriya, da dai sauransu.
Abubuwan haɓakawa na polyurethane gabaɗaya an raba su zuwa amine, barasa, da barasa.Daga amfani da tsarin tsari da tsarin aiki, dilate da diol sun fi dogara ne akan tsarin tsari da tsarin aiki.Nau'in dilate nau'in sarkar dilatation na al'ada irin su ethylene glycol, 1,4-butanol, da dihydramol mai-shrinkable, da dai sauransu, suna da iyakacin aiki ga samfuran polyurethane, kuma sune na yau da kullun na fadada sarkar.Wakilin fadada sarkar tare da bayyananniyar aikin kayan polyurethane shine galibi nau'ikan biyu: dihanramine aromatic da diol aromatic.Ana kiransa wakili mai fadada sarkar ayyuka mai girma.Ana siffanta shi da ƙaƙƙarfan zoben benzene.Power, juriya abrasion, matsakaicin juriya da sauran kaddarorin.
Wakilin faɗaɗa diharamine na aromatic ba kawai maɓalli ba ne wanda ba makawa dole ne don kayan jeri na roba na roba na polyurethane.Mafi yadu, mafi muni, kuma mafi girma babban aikin haɓaka sarkar polyurethane.
Jikin roba na roba na al'ada ana gyarawa gabaɗaya tare da fasaha na mataki biyu, wato, abubuwan da ba a kai ba na roba, sa'an nan kuma daidaitawa tare da abubuwan haɓaka sarkar don ƙarfafawa.Dangane da nau'in isocyanate, prefabricated za a iya raba kusan zuwa nau'ikan TDI da MDI.Idan aka kwatanta da su biyun, TDI da bai kai matakin dauki aikin ba ya ragu, kuma an fi dacewa da shi tare da manyan jami'an fadada sarkar amine;Ayyukan amsawa da aka riga aka tsara na MDI yana da girma, kuma wakilin haɓaka sarkar tushen hydroxy tare da ƙaramin hatimin tushen hydroxyl mai aiki.Dangane da buƙatun yanayin yanayin amfani da aikin samfur, yana da mahimmanci musamman don zaɓar wakili mai haɓaka sarkar da ya dace bayan zaɓin nau'in isocyanate.
二, High -performance polyurethane sarkar fadada samfurin iri da aikace-aikace halaye
2.1 Babban wakilin fadada sarkar arammer dihan amine
Saboda kyakkyawan aiki da ingancin inganci mai kyau, wakilin dihamine dilation na aromatic shine mafi yawan abin da aka fi amfani da shi a cikin kayan haɓaka na polyurethane.
Abubuwan fadada dianramine da aka fi amfani da su sun haɗa da 3, 3'-dichlori-4, 4'-diodes (MOCA: nau'in I, nau'in Ⅱ, juriya mai girma, da sauransu), 1,3-propylene glycol Double (4-amino benzoate). ) (740m), 4,4'-sub-base-biyu (3-chlorine-2,6-diecene aniline) (M-CDEA), polyphamorethyl ether Diol biyu-biyu aminbenzoate (P-1000, P-650, P -250, da dai sauransu), 3,5-biyu ethylene torneramine (DETDA, kuma aka sani da E-100), 3,5-diracle Sulfonylene (DMTDA, kuma aka sani da E-300) da sauran kayayyakin.
Bayanin halayen aikace-aikacen da haɓaka manyan samfuran sune kamar haka:
Wakilin faɗaɗa sarkar MOCA shine ƙwararriyar ƙwararriyar sarƙoƙi ta farko wacce aka saka hannun jari a cikin masana'antu a cikin ƙasata.Yana da m yanayi a dakin da zazzabi.Yana da halaye na samfuran polyurethane waɗanda za a iya amfani da su cikin aminci da dacewa, wanda zai iya saduwa da halaye na ƙayyadaddun bayanai da siffofi daban-daban.Ƙaƙƙarfan polyurethane yana da girma - ƙarfin ƙarfi, haɓakawa mai ƙarfi, haɓaka mai ƙarfi - juriya, juriya mai ƙarfi, juriya na lalata da sauran cikakkun kaddarorin.Yana iya yin manyan-sized samfurori.Yana da cikakken aiki na ƙamshi dilate masu haɓakawa.Tun da ci gaban DuPont a cikin 1950s, MOCA ta shagaltar da matsayi mai mahimmanci a fagen elasticity na polyurethane.A halin yanzu shi ne mafi girman wakilin fadada sarkar polyurethane.Har ma yana da mahimmanci a fagen zub da elasticity na polyurethane.A halin yanzu, sanannun masana'antun MOCA a kasar Sin sune: Suzhou Xiangyuan New Materials Co., Ltd. (nabiyar Jiangsu Xiangyuan Chemical Company), Huaibei Xingguang New Material Technology Co., Ltd., Shandong Chongshun New Material Technology Co., Ltd. .Hua Chemical Technology Co., Ltd. (tsohon Binhai Mingsheng Chemical Co., Ltd.), Chizhou Tianci High-tech Materials Co., Ltd., Bugu da kari, akwai Taiwan Shuangbang Industrial Co., Ltd., Taiwan Sanhuang Co. ., Ltd., da Katshan Kohshan Perfect Industry Co., Ltd.
A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, karkashin jagorancin kamfanonin kasar Sin, fasahar samar da kayayyaki ta MOCA ta samu ci gaba sosai.Alal misali, Xiangyuan Sabbin Materials shawo kan matsalar kiwon lafiya sana'a ma'aikata, tsanani gurbatawa, da kuma rashin isasshen kwanciyar hankali na intermittent samar da hydrogenation na hydrogenation na hydrogenation.Hanyar ci gaba tana haifar da hydrogenation hydrogenation na high-purity acoustics da MOCA samar da matakai, gane aiki da kai, cikakken kewaye, kore samar, gane kaushi, ƙura -free, makamashi -ceton amfani rage da sifili watsi.Na'urar samar da MOCA mai ci gaba ta zama sanannen samfur na masana'antar haɓaka sarkar polyurethane.
Bugu da kari, Xiangyuan New Materials kuma ya ɓullo da Xylink740M da Xylink P jerin jerin fadada jamiái, gane da masana'antu na wannan jerin kayayyakin, inganta polyurethane abu masana'antun don inganta ingancin, rage farashin, da kuma fadada aikace-aikace.
2.2 Babban wakili na dilateral aromatic diol dilateral
Abubuwan da aka saba amfani da su na diol dilation masu ƙanshi sun haɗa da phenyl-phenolic hydroxyxyl-based ether (HQEE), interciphenylbenols, hydroxyl ether (HER), da cakuda phenolic pyrodenol na hydroxyethyl (HQEE-L), cakuda Hydroxyethylhhexybenol (HER-L), da sauransu. An fi amfani da shi don kayan polyurethane don tsarin tsarin MDI, wanda ba shi da guba da ƙazanta irin nau'in fadada sarkar.Bayanin halayen aikace-aikacen da haɓaka manyan samfuran sune kamar haka:
HQEE sarkar fadada wakili ne na kwayar halitta tsarin simmetrical aromatic diol fadada wakili.Yana da ƙaƙƙarfan barbashi, mara guba, mara ƙazanta, kuma mai ban haushi.Yana da dacewa mai kyau tare da MDI kuma yana iya tsawaita rayuwar kayan yadda ya kamata.Xiangyuan New Materials ya ɓullo da HQEE, HER, Xylink HQEE-L, Xylinkher-L jerin fadada jamiái.Ingancin ya zarce samfuran makamancin haka a gida da waje, kuma ana sayar da kayayyaki a gida da waje.
2.3 Sauran abubuwan haɓaka sarkar ƙanshi tare da aiki na musamman
Tare da haɓakar filayen polyurethane masu tasowa, sabbin wakilai na fadada polyurethane da fasahar aikace-aikacen an ci gaba da haɓaka don biyan buƙatun kasuwar polyurethane.Kamfanonin samarwa sun haɓaka nau'ikan na'urorin haɓaka sarkar ƙamshi iri-iri na musamman.
Tianmen Winterine (DMD230) fadada sarkar ce mai dauke da katako aminamin-free guda biyu, wanda ake amfani da shi don shirya kayan shafa marasa ƙarfi ko babban ƙarfi.Idan aka kwatanta da polyettes na feshi na yau da kullun, samfurin yana da matsakaicin amsawa, kyakkyawan aikin aiki, ingantaccen aikin gini, da ingantaccen aikin samfur.Yana da kyau mai sheki da bayyananniyar sakamako tare da polycoges a cikin shirye-shiryen fatty chloride polycisotripocyanate, sassauci mai kyau da kaddarorin inji, canjin rawaya-resistant rawaya, juriya mai kyau, juriya mai kyau, da kariya mai tsayi.Bugu da ƙari ga gadoji, ramuka, da nau'ikan shimfidar ƙasa da alamun hanya, ana iya amfani da shi a cikin manyan aikace-aikacen aikace-aikace irin su suturar kariya da helikofta hada kayan fata na ruwan wutan iska.Samar da masana'antu da haɓaka wannan samfurin zai taimaka haɓaka haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar kayan kwalliya.
Watsawa (311) na diharamine aromatic da mahadi na sodium chloride (311) wani nau'i ne na abokin tarayya na diharamine aromatic da inorganic salts.Ana iya daidaita shi da nau'ikan polyurethane pre-polystants a cikin zafin jiki.Ya dace musamman ga hadaddun siffofi ko manyan.Ana iya amfani da samfuran yanki, vulcanization na microwave, da sauran lokatai waɗanda ke buƙatar tsawon lokacin aiki, kuma ana iya amfani da su azaman wakili na warkarwa don resin epoxy.Irin waɗannan samfurori sun haɗa da Caytur 31DA a Amurka, Xylink 311, Xiangyuan Sabbin Materials.
Sauran magungunan da ke cikin ruwa na karkashin ruwa irin su oxidazole, ketone amine, da dai sauransu na iya rage yiwuwar sutura ko wasu samfurori don samar da kumfa a tsakiyar aji na warkewa, kuma yana da damar ci gaba.
三, Matsayin ci gaban sarkar polyurethane fadada jami'ai
Masana'antar fadada polyurethane na ƙasata tana da tushe mai rauni mai rauni.A cikin farkon zamanin, kasuwannin haɓaka sarkar polyurethane na cikin gida koyaushe ana sarrafa su ta hanyar masana'antu na ƙasa da ƙasa.Tun da aka shiga wannan karni, rukunin kamfanonin fadada sarkar polyurethane na gida wanda Xiangyuan Sabbin Kayayyaki ke wakilta sun yi nasarar karya ikon mallakar kasashen waje bayan shekaru na R & D da tarin fasaha.Wasu daga cikin samfuran fadada sarkar polyurethane na ƙasata sun kai matakin irin waɗannan samfuran na duniya.
A matsayin wakili na fadada amine polyurethane mafi girma, tsarin samar da MOCA ya balaga, barga, matsakaici, kuma ya dace a mayar da martani.A fagen zub da jiki na roba a cikin aikace-aikacen ƙasa, musamman tsarin TDI, babban adadin samfuran polyurethane sun tara adadi mai yawa na balagaggu na samfuran polyurethane balagagge dabarar Asalin MOCA ta kwanciyar hankali da aiki da aka gwada bayan shekaru masu yawa na kasuwa da abokin ciniki. yi.Farashin yana da inganci.Bayan shekaru na amfani, wani shingen tsari ya samo asali.Yana da rawar da ba za a iya maye gurbinsa ba, kuma filin aikace-aikacen yana ci gaba da fadadawa.
Cibiyar Harkokin Kimiyya ta Turai, a matsayin wata ma'aikata da ke kula da takardar shaida ta EU Reach, ta ba da rahoto a kan Nuwamba 30, 2017. Bayan kwatanta hadarin aminci, aiki, da farashin farashi, ya ba da shawarar cewa a cikin filin na roba na polyurethane, samfurin samfurin MOCA. Ayyukan aiki, ƙimar farashi da sauran fa'idodi sun yi fice, kuma a halin yanzu babu wasu zaɓuɓɓuka.
Masana'antar fadada polyurethane ta kasar Sin ta fara a makare.A cikin farkon kwanakin, saboda ƙarancin matakin fasahar samarwa, ƙarancin tallafin albarkatun ƙasa, da ƙarancin baiwar R&D, kasuwar faɗaɗa sarkar polyurethane ta cikin gida ta kasance mai zaman kanta ga kamfanoni na ƙasa da ƙasa.Har zuwa 1990s, yawancin masana'antun fadada sarkar polyurethane na cikin gida sun sami nasarar karya ka'idodin fasaha na kasashen waje bayan shekaru na R & D da tarin fasaha, kuma aikin wasu samfurori na fadada sarkar polyurethane ya kai matakin samfurori na kasa da kasa.Musamman, sabbin kayan aikin Xiangyuan sun jagoranci aikin gina na'ura mai ci gaba da samar da na'urar MOCA mai nauyin ton 10,000.Ingancin samfurin da matakin fasaha ya kai matakin ci gaba na duniya da na cikin gida.A halin yanzu, masana'antun MOCA na gida sun sami damar biyan bukatun ionamine kyauta.MOCA granular da high-zazzabi rawaya-canza MOCA a cikin jerin samfuran MOCA suna da fifiko ta masana'antar polyurethane.
Shirin "Shirin Shekaru Biyar na Goma Sha Biyu don" Tsarin Shekaru Biyar na Goma Biyar "na masana'antar polyurethane ya ba da shawarar cewa ban da haɓaka sikelin samar da haɓakar haɓakar sarkar MOCA mai inganci, haɓakawa da aikace-aikacen sabbin wakilai na haɓaka sarkar MCDEA, E-100 , HER, HQEE da sauran kayayyakin ya kamata a ƙara.Dangane da samfuran jerin MOCA, tare da rarrabuwa na kayan polyurethane da samfuran, wasu sabbin samfuran haɓaka sarkar kuma sun fito, suna samar da tsari mai ban sha'awa tare da samfuran MOCA.
Tare da ci gaba da ci gaba da ci gaba da bincike na fasaha da ci gaba, sababbin samfurori na manyan ayyuka masu haɓaka sarkar ƙamshi na haɓaka suna da takamaiman fa'ida a cikin saurin amsawa, juriya mai zafi, aiki, aminci da kare muhalli.Aikace-aikacen ya girma a hankali, kuma adadin aikace-aikacen yana ci gaba da fadadawa.Misali, P-1000, P650, P250, 740M, saboda korensa, yanayin muhalli, halaye mara guba, a hankali ya buɗe kasuwar aikace-aikacen a fagage da yawa.A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, tare da haɓakawa da haɓakar tsarin MDI mai dacewa da muhalli, amfani da sikelin babban aikin aromatic diol dilateral dilation jamiái irin su HQEE da HER tare da mafi dacewa da jituwa tare da tsarin MDI ya karu a hankali, yana ba da elasticity na polyurethane. kyakykyawan kyakyawan jiki Takamaiman wasan kwaikwayo kamar juriyar zafi da ƙarfin hawaye.Baya ga kera samfuran zubowa, yana kuma iya samar da samfuran elastomic thermoplastic masu girma, waɗanda za'a iya samun sauƙi.A cikin yankunan aikace-aikacen da ke da buƙatu masu girma na kayan aiki na polyurethane a cikin ƙasashe masu tasowa da wasu kayan polyurethane, ma'aikatan fadada sarkar kamar 740m, HQEE, HER suna zurfafa aikace-aikacen.Sabon wakilin fadada sarkar ya bambanta abũbuwan amfãni a cikin ƙayyadaddun yanki, kuma ƙofa na fasaha yana da girma.A halin yanzu, kasuwar cikin gida har yanzu tana cikin matakin haɓaka aikace-aikacen.
四, The ci gaban juna na polyurethane sarkar fadada masana'antu
Masana'antar polyurethane a Arewacin Amurka da Yammacin Turai sun tara shekarun ci gaba.Masana'antar tana da ƙarfin fasaha mai ƙarfi a cikin masana'antar, kuma kasuwa tana da ɗan girma.A lokaci guda, masu amfani a cikin waɗannan yankuna suna da buƙatun aiki mafi girma don samfuran polyurethane, kuma buƙatun sabbin abubuwan haɓaka sarkar ya fi MOCA sauri.A halin yanzu, kasashen da suka ci gaba kamar Turai da Amurka sun mamaye babban kaso na bukatar sabbin jami'an fadada sarkar.
Babban amfani da polyurethane a cikin yankin Asiya-Pacific da sauran ƙasashe masu tasowa yana zama babban ƙarfin buƙatun polyurethane na duniya.Daga cikin su, yankin Asiya-Pacific ya riga ya kasance kasuwa mafi girma na masu amfani da polyurethane a duniya, wanda ya kai kusan 48% na kasuwar duniya;sauran ƙasashe masu tasowa irin su Indiya, Brazil, Mexico, da dai sauransu, buƙatar polyurethane a cikin gine-gine, kayan gini, kayan gida da sauran masana'antu kuma suna karuwa.To sai dai idan aka kwatanta da kasashen da suka ci gaba a Turai da Amurka, har yanzu wasu daga cikin wadannan yankuna na wadannan yankuna suna kan matakin farko na bunkasa masana'antu.Suna da matukar damuwa ga farashin albarkatun kasa a cikin masana'antar polyurethane kuma suna ba da hankali ga farashi da farashi.A nan gaba, a nan gaba, wannan yanki zai ci gaba da kula da babban bukatar MOCAs masu tsada.
A halin yanzu, manyan manyan kamfanonin fadada polyurethane na duniya, irin su Kazaka Kagosan Perfect Industry Co., Ltd., US Chemical Air Chemical (Samun Winchuang a cikin 2016), da Coco na Amurka (Langsheng ya samu a 2017), da sauransu. ., ya mamaye duniya Mafi yawan kaso na kasuwa na masu haɓaka sarƙoƙi, wasu ƙananan kamfanoni waɗanda ba su da ingantaccen tsarin masana'antu - jami'a - tsarin bincike an kawar da su ta hanyar tasirin ingancin samfur da farashi, da tattarawar sarkar. fadada masana'antu ya kara karuwa.A lokaci guda kuma, manyan kamfanoni kuma sun dogara da ƙarfin jari mai ƙarfi da bincike da haɓaka haɓaka don faɗaɗa ƙwararrun albarkatun ƙasa da sikelin samar da samfur, da kuma kafa manyan sansanonin samarwa da tallace-tallace da cibiyoyin R & D a wuraren da albarkatu masu kyau. kasuwanni, da yanayin aiki.
5. Matsayin halin yanzu da jagorancin ci gaba na ma'aikatan fadada polyurethane
A matsayin mahimmancin ƙari ga kayan polyurethane, ana amfani da ma'auni na fadada polyurethane a cikin tsarin CASE (ciki har da sutura, adhesives, sutura da jikin roba) a cikin kayan polyurethane.Daga cikin su, jikin roba na polyurethane shine kayan aikin roba na polymer tsakanin roba da filastik.Yana da duka babban elasticity na roba da babban ƙarfi da ƙarfin filastik.5 zuwa 10 sau), yana da suna na "sarkin lalacewa-resistant roba" kuma yana da kyakkyawan ƙarfin injiniya, juriya na man fetur, juriya na sinadarai, juriya na juriya da kuma kyakkyawan yanayin juriya na zafi da kuma aikin rufewa.Bugu da ƙari, nau'in zubar da ruwa na al'ada da kuma thermoplastic polyurethane na roba na jiki, polyurethane na roba na jiki ya hada da adhesives, coatings, sealing, paving kayan, tafin kafa, roba fata, fiber, da dai sauransu wanda ya zama na roba polyurethane kayan.Tare da ci gaba da haɓaka matakin fasaha, an maye gurbin elasticity na polyurethane a cikin roba, robobi, da karafa a fannoni daban-daban kamar motoci, ma'adinai, bugu, kayan aiki, sarrafa injin, wasanni, da sufuri.
Bisa kididdigar da hukumomin da abin ya shafa suka nuna, yawan amfani da CASE na polyurethane na kasar Sin (jiki na roba, sutura, fata na roba, rufewa da adhesives) a shekarar 2021 ya kai tan miliyan 7.77, kuma matsakaicin karuwar kashi 11.5% na shekara a shekarar 2016-2021 ya kai 11.5%.
Nau'in polyurethane na kasar Sin a shekarar 2016 ya kai tan 925,000, kuma abin da aka fitar a shekarar 2021 ya kai tan miliyan 1.5, tare da karuwar karuwar shekara-shekara na 10.2%;Matsakaicin ci gaban shekara-shekara na yawan amfani ya kasance 12.5%.An yi kiyasin cewa nan da shekarar 2025, fitar da sinadarin polyurethane na kasata zai kai tan miliyan 2.059, wanda har yanzu zai kasance cikin saurin ci gaba.
A duk duniya, fitowar polyurethane elastomers na duniya ya kai tan miliyan 2.52 a cikin 2016 da tan miliyan 3.539 a cikin 2021, tare da haɓakar fili na shekara-shekara na 7.0%.Nan da shekarar 2025, ana sa ran samar da elastomer na polyurethane a duniya zai kai tan miliyan 4.495, wanda ke nuna saurin ci gaba da ci gaba.
Thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer (TPU) yana da kyakkyawan juriya.Ƙarfin ƙarfinsa yana da girma, elongated, mai jurewa, ƙarancin zafin jiki, juriya na yanayi, da juriya na ozone ya shahara, kuma kewayon taurin yana da fadi.A cikin 'yan shekarun nan, aikace-aikacen kasuwa na TPU ya haɓaka daga masana'antar takalma zuwa manyan kasuwannin kasuwa kamar su magunguna, jiragen sama, da kare muhalli.Bisa kididdigar da aka yi, daga shekarar 2014 zuwa 2021, matsakaicin yawan ci gaban fili na samar da TPU na shekara-shekara a kasar Sin ya kai kashi 14.5%.A cikin 2021, fitar da TPU na ƙasata ya kai tan 645,000.ƙasata ta zama ƙasa mafi girma a duniya samar da TPU.Fitowa da ƙarar fitarwa ta yanar gizo sun ƙaru a hankali a cikin 'yan shekarun nan.
Dangane da buƙatu, kasuwar TPU ta duniya a halin yanzu ta ta'allaka ne a cikin Turai, Amurka, da yankuna Asiya-Pacific.Daga cikin su, yankin Asiya da kasar Sin ke jagoranta shi ne kasuwa mafi sauri a cikin yawan amfanin TPU na duniya.Bisa kididdigar da kwamitin musamman na Elastic na kungiyar masana'antu ta kasar Sin Polyurethane ya nuna, yawan amfani da kayayyakin polyurethane a kasara a shekarar 2018 ya kai tan miliyan 11.3, wanda yawan amfani da polyurethane elastomer (TPU+CPU) ya kai tan miliyan 1.1 % .
TPU har yanzu yana ɗaya daga cikin samfuran da ke da saurin girma a cikin polyurethane a nan gaba.ƙasata ta zama ƙasa mafi girma a duniya masu amfani da TPU.Bisa kididdigar da aka yi, an ce, yawan karuwar yawan amfanin gonakin TPU na shekara-shekara na Sinawa a shekarar 2017-2021 ya kai kashi 12.9%, wanda jimillar amfanin da aka yi a shekarar 2021 ya kai tan 602,000, wanda ya karu da kashi 11.6% a duk shekara.Dangane da fitowar TPU na duniya na ton miliyan 1.09 a cikin 2021, yawan amfanin TPU na cikin gida ya wuce rabin duniya.A nan gaba, bukatun kayan takalma, fim, bututu, da wayoyi za su kasance da karfi.A fagen kayan aikin likita, wayoyi na USB, da fim, zai ƙara maye gurbin kayan gargajiya na PVC.Yana da matukar wuya a maye gurbin EVA a cikin filin kayan takalma.Ana sa ran cewa TPU zai kasance 10 a nan gaba 10 10 % Ko ƙarin yanayin girma.Ana sa ran cewa amfani da shi zai kai kusan tan 900,000 nan da shekarar 2026.
Tare da haɓaka haɓakar sikelin samarwa a hankali, farashin samfuran roba na polyurethane ya ragu, iri-iri sun fi bambanta, buƙatun kasuwa ya inganta, haɓaka masana'antu yana da sauri.A lokacin "Shirin Shekaru na Sha Hudu na Shekara Biyar", masana'antar Case ya kamata ta himmatu wajen haɓaka haɓaka samfuran a cikin hanyar ruwa-daidaitacce, rashin ƙarfi, da ingantaccen abun ciki;ƙara haɓaka haɓakar CASE da haɓaka fasahar ƙirar ƙirar ƙirar kayan abu mai mahimmanci, mai da hankali kan ruwan polytianmen -to -pyrodramine polyphonus Application;mayar da hankali kan aiwatar da ka'idar tushen ruwa da binciken fasahar injiniya;inganta aikin samfur, haɓaka sabbin samfura, faɗaɗa filin aikace-aikacen, da haɓaka ginin sabbin abubuwan more rayuwa a cikin hanyar jirgin ƙasa, babbar hanya, ramin gada, watsa wutar lantarki, da sauransu. Da aikace-aikacen filin likitanci;inganta aikace-aikacen fasaha na polyurethane adhesives don sifili formaldehyde don ƙara faranti na wucin gadi;haɓaka bambance-bambance, aiki, da ƙima mai ƙima - ƙara samfuran ammonia;ƙarfafa bincike da fasaha na aikace-aikace na tsarin kayan aikin ruwa na polyurethane, aiki, tsawon lokaci;Haɓaka aikace-aikacen kayan polyurethane a cikin gine-ginen da aka riga aka tsara.
Babban hanyoyin ci gaba na filin elastomer sune:
Polyurethane elastomers don motoci.Masana'antar mota ta yau tana haɓaka zuwa babban aiki, inganci mai inganci, nauyi mai sauƙi, kwanciyar hankali da aminci.Rubber da filastik kayan roba suna maye gurbin kayan ƙarfe a hankali, wanda ke buɗe kyakkyawan fata don aikace-aikacen elastomers na polyurethane.
Polyurethane elastomers don ginawa.An maye gurbin kwalta ta gargajiya ta kayan da ba ta da ruwa ta sannu a hankali ta hanyar dorewa, kayan haɗin ginin polyurethane mai hana ruwa;Aikace-aikacen waƙar wasanni na polyurethane yana da yawa kuma ya fi yawa.Fadada haɗin gwiwa na manyan gada, mai barcin babban titin jirgin ƙasa, titin jirgin sama da caulking a hankali kuma a hankali an yi su da elastomer na PVC wanda aka ƙarfafa a cikin ɗaki.
Polyurethane elastomer don amfani da ni.Akwai babban buƙatun kayan da ba na ƙarfe ba tare da juriya mai ƙarfi, ƙarfi da ƙarfi a cikin ma'adinan kwal, ƙarfe da ma'adinan ƙarfe.
Polyurethane elastomer don takalma.Polychloride ester elasticity yana da abũbuwan amfãni daga mai kyau buffering yi, haske nauyi, juriya juriya, skid juriya, da sauransu, ya zama wani muhimmin kayan tallafi a cikin takalma masana'antu.
Polyurethane elastomer don amfanin likita.Kyakkyawan daidaitawar halitta, daidaituwar jini kuma babu ƙari sune dalilai masu mahimmanci don aikace-aikacen TPU da kayan CPU a fagen likitanci.Aikace-aikacensa a fannin likitanci da lafiya yana da faɗi sosai.
Sabuwar takardar hadadden polyurethane.Ana sa ran fasahar kayan haɗin gwiwa za ta kawo sabon lokacin fashewar kasuwa don elastomer na polyurethane.
六, Polyurethane sarkar fadada masana'antu "14th biyar-shekara Plan" ci gaban Trend
Daga hangen nesa na duniya, saurin ci gaban filin gini, masana'antar kera motoci, kayan leken asiri na lantarki, sabbin makamashi da masana'antar kare muhalli sun haifar da buƙatun samfuran polyurethane sosai.Giants na polyurethane na duniya suna ci gaba da haɓaka fasaha da aikace-aikace, kuma za su ci gaba da inganta haɓakawa da kuma samar da sababbin samfurori na polyurethane.Tare da fadada samfuran polyurethane a cikin filin da iyakokin kasuwa na ƙarshen ƙasa, ɗimbin buƙatun samfuran polyurethane zai haɓaka ci gaba da haɓakawa da haɓaka masana'antar sarkar polyurethane.
A cikin shekaru 10 masu zuwa, aikace-aikacen samfuran polyurethane a wasu wurare masu niche kuma za su haɓaka cikin sauri.Masana masana'antu suna nazarin cewa buƙatun polyurethane na duniya zai ƙaru da kashi 4.5% a kowace shekara.Daga cikin su, matsakaicin girma na shekara-shekara na buƙatun polyurethane an kiyasta ya zama 5.7% a cikin filayen firiji, takalma, yadi, nishaɗi da sauran filayen.Bukatar a cikin filin samfurin ya karu kadan, kuma ana sa ran zai kasance kusan 3.3% a kowace shekara.Kasashen da ke tasowa a yankin Asiya-Pacific sun sami goyon bayan fasaha na fasaha don fadada aikace-aikacen da ke ƙasa, kuma buƙatar polyurethane zai kai adadin girma mai lamba biyu a kowace shekara.
A matsayin muhimmin albarkatun ƙasa ga masana'antar polyurethane, masana'antar ƙari na polyurethane na ƙasata dole ne ta aiwatar da sabon ra'ayin ci gaba ba tare da ɓata lokaci ba.Da ke ƙasa, jigon inganta haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar masana'antar polyurethane, tare da jagorar haɓaka masana'antar polyurethane don haɓaka ginin sabon tsarin ci gaba na "dual-cycle", yana mai da hankali kan kore, low-carbon, da dijital. canji., Haɓaka gina tsarin masana'antu na zamani, inganta "gajerewar" samfurori masu mahimmanci, "kama manyan fasahohin fasaha, "bude sabuwar hanya" a cikin kayayyakin gargajiya, da inganta ƙasata don matsawa daga polyurethane zuwa wani. kasa mai karfi.
A halin yanzu, polyurethane sarkar extender ya zama daya daga cikin zama dole polyurethane albarkatun kasa don manyan kasa kayayyakin more rayuwa.The polyurethane sarkar extender masana'antu na karuwa bidi'a zuba jari, tasowa a cikin shugabanci na kare muhalli, high dace da high quality.Tsaya akan buƙatun sararin samaniya, bayanan lantarki, sabon makamashi, motoci, jirgin ƙasa mai sauri, zirga-zirgar jiragen ƙasa, manyan tituna, manyan gadaje, masana'antar kiwon lafiya da masana'antar tsaro ta ƙasa, canji da aikace-aikacen sabbin sarkar polyurethane na ci gaban fasaha ana haɓaka don haɓaka haɓakar fasaha. matakin ci gaba gaba ɗaya na masana'antar polyurethane.
Jagoran ci gaba na masana'antar sarkar sarkar polyurethane shine haɓaka ingantaccen, samfuran sarkar sarkar kore tare da ƙarin aikin kare muhalli.Ba wai kawai mai tsabta da ƙazanta ba ne a cikin tsarin samarwa, amma har ma da aminci da kore a cikin tsarin amfani don inganta tsarin masana'anta na samfuran polyurethane.Na biyu, don ƙara faɗaɗa amfani da samfuran sarƙoƙi na yau da kullun, ta yadda ƙwararrun sarkar da ke akwai cike da sabbin kuzarin aikace-aikace.A matakin fasaha na wasu cikin gida polyurethane sarkar extender Enterprises ne daidai da cewa na multinational kamfanoni, amma kara aikace-aikace bincike da ake bukata don sa more masu amfani gane fifiko na kayayyakin, musamman don inganta ruwa aromatic diamine kayayyakin tare da dace aiki da kyau kwarai yi, kuma don aiwatar da tasirin haɗin gwiwa na mai haɓaka sarkar don adana makamashi da rage yawan amfani da farashi.Na uku shi ne don ƙara haɓaka sabbin kayayyaki bisa ga buƙatun kasuwa, don samar da samfuran da suka dace da inganci don masana'antar polyurethane, don saduwa da buƙatun kasuwa na ƙasa da fadada iyakokin aikace-aikacen.
Don kayan roba na polyurethane, mai shimfiɗa sarkar yana da mahimmanci kuma maɓalli mai mahimmanci tare da adadi mai yawa da ƙima mai girma, wanda ke da mahimmanci don inganta aikin samfurin.Bugu da ƙari, a cikin wasu kayan polyurethane har ma da filastik kumfa, sarkar polyurethane yana da tasiri mai tasiri akan inganta aikin samfurin.A cikin masana'antar polyurethane, sararin samaniyar sarkar polyurethane yana da girma.Don haɓakawa da jagorantar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar masana'antar polyurethane, ya zama dole don ƙarfafa bincike na aikace-aikacen da haɓaka sarkar sarkar polyurethane, da haɓaka mafi kyawun nau'ikan sarkar polyurethane a ƙarƙashin yanayin kula da lafiya, makamashi. ceto, aminci da kare muhalli da aiwatar da aikace-aikacen, ta yadda za a ba da babbar gudummawa ga ingantacciyar rayuwar ɗan adam.
Lokacin aikawa: Fabrairu-08-2023