Ƙarfafa ƙa'idojin muhalli na duniya yana sake fasalin yanayin masana'antar perchlorethylene (PCE). Matakan ƙa'idoji a manyan kasuwanni ciki har da China, Amurka, da Tarayyar Turai suna yin cikakken iko game da samarwa, amfani, da zubar da kaya, wanda ke jagorantar masana'antar ta hanyar manyan canje-canje a cikin sake fasalin farashi, haɓaka fasaha, da bambance-bambancen kasuwa.
An kafa wani tsari mai tsauri a matakin manufofi. Hukumar Kare Muhalli ta Amurka (EPA) ta fitar da doka ta ƙarshe a ƙarshen 2024, inda ta ba da umarnin haramta amfani da PCE gaba ɗaya a cikin busasshiyar gogewa bayan Disamba 2034. Za a daina amfani da kayan aikin tsabtace busasshiyar tsara ta uku daga 2027, inda NASA kawai ke da keɓewa ga aikace-aikacen gaggawa. An inganta manufofin cikin gida a lokaci guda: An rarraba PCE a matsayin sharar gida mai haɗari (HW41), tare da matsakaicin yawan amfani da shi a cikin gida na awanni 8 iyakance ga 0.12mg/m³. Birane goma sha biyar masu mahimmanci ciki har da Beijing da Shanghai za su aiwatar da ƙa'idodin VOCs masu tsauri (Volatile Organic Compounds) a cikin 2025, suna buƙatar abun ciki na samfura ≤50ppm.
Manufofi sun ƙara farashin bin ƙa'idodin kasuwanci kai tsaye. Dole ne masu tsabtace busassun kaya su maye gurbin kayan aiki na buɗaɗɗen kaya, tare da farashin gyaran shago ɗaya daga yuan 50,000 zuwa 100,000; kasuwancin da ba sa bin ƙa'ida suna fuskantar tarar yuan 200,000 da haɗarin rufewa. Kamfanonin samarwa an ba su umarnin shigar da na'urorin sa ido na VOCs na ainihin lokaci, tare da saka hannun jari guda ɗaya ya wuce yuan miliyan 1, kuma farashin bin ƙa'idodin muhalli yanzu ya kai sama da kashi 15% na jimillar kuɗaɗen. Kuɗaɗen zubar da shara sun ninka: kuɗin zubar da shara na PCE da aka kashe ya kai yuan 8,000 zuwa 12,000 a kowace tan, sau 5-8 fiye da sharar yau da kullun. Cibiyoyin samarwa kamar Shandong sun aiwatar da ƙarin kuɗin wutar lantarki ga kamfanonin da ba su cika ƙa'idodin ingantaccen makamashi ba.
Tsarin masana'antu yana hanzarta bambance-bambance, tare da haɓaka fasaha ya zama dole ga rayuwa. A ɓangaren samarwa, fasahohi kamar rabuwar membrane da haɓaka catalysis sun ƙara tsarkin samfura zuwa sama da 99.9% yayin da suke rage amfani da makamashi da 30%. Kamfanonin da ke kan gaba a fannin fasaha suna samun ribar maki 12-15% fiye da takwarorinsu na gargajiya. Bangaren aikace-aikacen yana nuna yanayin "riƙewa mai ƙarfi, fita mai sauƙi": 38% na ƙananan da matsakaitan shagunan tsaftacewa na busassun kaya sun janye saboda matsin lamba na farashi, yayin da samfuran sarka kamar Weishi suka sami riba ta hanyar tsarin murmurewa mai haɗawa. A halin yanzu, manyan fannoni kamar kera kayan lantarki da sabbin na'urorin lantarki masu amfani da makamashi suna riƙe da kashi 30% na kasuwa saboda buƙatun aiki.
Kasuwancin wasu fasahohin zamani yana ƙara sauri, wanda hakan ke ƙara rage darajar kasuwar gargajiya. Sinadaran hydrocarbon, waɗanda farashin gyaransu ya kai Yuan 50,000 zuwa 80,000, sun sami kashi 25% na kasuwa a shekarar 2025 kuma sun cancanci tallafin gwamnati na kashi 20-30%. Duk da yawan jarin kayan aiki na yuan 800,000 a kowace naúrar, tsaftace busasshen ruwa na CO₂ ya ga ƙaruwar shigar ruwa da kashi 25% a kowace shekara saboda fa'idodin rashin gurɓata muhalli. Man mai narke muhalli na D30 yana rage fitar da hayakin VOC da kashi 75% a fannin tsaftace masana'antu, inda kasuwar ta zarce yuan biliyan 5 a shekarar 2025.
Girman kasuwa da tsarin ciniki suna daidaitawa a lokaci guda. Bukatar PCE ta cikin gida tana raguwa da kashi 8-12% a kowace shekara, inda ake sa ran matsakaicin farashin zai ragu zuwa yuan 4,000 a kowace tan a shekarar 2025. Duk da haka, kamfanoni sun daidaita gibin cikin gida ta hanyar fitar da kayayyaki zuwa ƙasashen Belt and Road, tare da ƙaruwar fitar da kayayyaki daga ƙasashen waje da kashi 91.32% a kowace shekara a watan Janairu-Mayu 2025. Kayayyakin da ake shigo da su daga ƙasashen waje suna canzawa zuwa samfuran da suka fi tsada: a rabin farko na 2025, ƙaruwar darajar shigo da kayayyaki (31.35%) ta fi ƙaruwar girma (11.11%), kuma sama da kashi 99% na samfuran da suka fi tsada ta hanyar lantarki har yanzu suna dogara ne da shigo da kayayyaki daga Jamus.
A cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, haɗakar masana'antu za ta ƙaru; a cikin matsakaici zuwa dogon lokaci, tsarin "ƙarin taro mai yawa da canjin kore" zai fara aiki. Ana sa ran kashi 30% na ƙananan da matsakaitan shagunan busassun kayan aiki za su fice nan da ƙarshen 2025, kuma za a rage ƙarfin samarwa daga tan 350,000 zuwa tan 250,000. Manyan kamfanoni za su mai da hankali kan kayayyaki masu daraja kamar PCE na lantarki ta hanyar haɓaka fasaha, tare da ƙaruwar kasuwancin kore mai ƙarfi a hankali.
Lokacin Saƙo: Disamba-11-2025