A shekarar 2025, masana'antar rufe fuska tana hanzarta cimma manufofi biyu na "canji mai kore" da "haɓaka aiki." A fannoni masu inganci kamar sufuri na motoci da layin dogo, rufe fuska ta ruwa ya samo asali daga "zaɓuɓɓukan madadin" zuwa "zaɓuɓɓukan farko" godiya ga ƙarancin hayakin VOC, aminci, da rashin guba. Duk da haka, don biyan buƙatun yanayi masu tsauri na aikace-aikace (misali, yawan danshi da tsatsa mai ƙarfi) da kuma buƙatun masu amfani don dorewa da aiki na rufe fuska, ci gaba da samun ci gaba a fannin fasahar rufe fuska ta polyurethane (WPU) ta ruwa. A shekarar 2025, sabbin abubuwa a masana'antu a fannin inganta dabara, gyaran sinadarai, da ƙira mai aiki sun ƙara sabbin kuzari a wannan fanni.
Zurfafa Tsarin Asali: Daga "Sauya Ratio" zuwa "Balance Performance"
A matsayin "jagoran aiki" tsakanin rufin ruwa na yanzu, polyurethane mai ɓangarori biyu na ruwa (WB 2K-PUR) yana fuskantar babban ƙalubale: daidaita rabo da aikin tsarin polyol. A wannan shekarar, ƙungiyoyin bincike sun gudanar da bincike mai zurfi kan tasirin haɗin gwiwa na polyether polyol (PTMEG) da polyester polyol (P1012).
A al'adance, polyester polyol yana ƙara ƙarfin injina da yawa saboda haɗin hydrogen mai yawa tsakanin molecular, amma ƙarin da yawa yana rage juriyar ruwa saboda ƙarfin hydrophilicity na ƙungiyoyin ester. Gwaje-gwaje sun tabbatar da cewa lokacin da P1012 ke wakiltar 40% (g/g) na tsarin polyol, ana samun "ma'auni na zinare": haɗin hydrogen yana ƙara yawan haɗin gwiwa na zahiri ba tare da wuce gona da iri na hydrophilicity ba, yana inganta cikakken aikin murfin - gami da juriyar fesa gishiri, juriyar ruwa, da ƙarfin tururi. Wannan ƙarshe yana ba da jagora bayyananne ga ƙirar dabarar WB 2K-PUR, musamman ga yanayi kamar chassis na mota da sassan ƙarfe na motar dogo waɗanda ke buƙatar aikin injiniya da juriyar tsatsa.
"Haɗa Tauri da Sauƙin Sauƙi": Gyaran Sinadarai Ya Buɗe Sabbin Iyakoki Masu Aiki
Duk da cewa inganta rabon asali shine "daidaitawa mai kyau," gyaran sinadarai yana wakiltar "tsawaita inganci" ga polyurethane mai ɗauke da ruwa. Hanyoyi biyu na gyara sun yi fice a wannan shekarar:
Hanya ta 1: Inganta Haɗin gwiwa tare da Abubuwan da aka samo daga Polysiloxane da Terpene
Haɗin polysiloxane mai ƙarancin ƙarfi (PMMS) da abubuwan da aka samo daga terpene masu kama da hydrophobic yana ba WPU damar samun halaye biyu na "superhydrophobicity + high rigidity." Masu bincike sun shirya polysiloxane mai ƙarewa daga hydroxyl (PMMS) ta amfani da 3-mercaptopropylmethyldimethoxysilane da octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, sannan suka dasa isobornyl acrylate (wani abu da aka samo daga camphene daga biomass) akan sarƙoƙin gefe na PMMS ta hanyar amsawar dannawa ta thiol-ene da aka fara da UV don samar da polysiloxane mai tushen terpene (PMMS-I).
WPU ɗin da aka gyara ya nuna ci gaba mai ban mamaki: kusurwar hulɗar ruwa mai tsauri ta tashi daga 70.7° zuwa 101.2° (tana kusantar superhydrophobicity mai kama da ganyen lotus), shan ruwa ya ragu daga 16.0% zuwa 6.9%, kuma ƙarfin tensile ya karu daga 4.70MPa zuwa 8.82MPa saboda tsarin zoben terpene mai tauri. Binciken thermogravimetric ya kuma nuna ingantaccen kwanciyar hankali na zafi. Wannan fasaha tana ba da mafita mai haɗaka "mai hana gurɓatawa + mai jure yanayi" ga sassan waje na sufuri na jirgin ƙasa kamar bangarorin rufin da siket na gefe.
Hanya ta 2: Haɗin Polyimine Yana Ba da damar Fasaha ta "Warkar da Kai"
Warkar da kai ta bayyana a matsayin wata fasaha mai shahara a fannin shafa fenti, kuma binciken wannan shekarar ya haɗa shi da aikin injiniya na WPU don cimma nasarori biyu a cikin "babban aiki + ikon warkar da kai." An shirya WPU mai haɗin gwiwa tare da polybutylene glycol (PTMG), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), da polyimine (PEI) a matsayin haɗin giciye sun nuna kyawawan halaye na injiniya: ƙarfin tensile na 17.12MPa da tsawaitawa a lokacin karyewar 512.25% (kusan sassaucin roba).
Abu mafi mahimmanci, yana samun cikakken warkarwa cikin awanni 24 a zafin jiki na 30°C—yana murmurewa zuwa ƙarfin tensile na 3.26MPa da kuma tsawaitawa na 450.94% bayan gyara. Wannan ya sa ya dace sosai da sassan da ke da saurin karce kamar na'urorin bumpers na mota da kuma cikin jigilar jiragen ƙasa, wanda hakan ke rage farashin gyara sosai.
"Nanoscale Intelligent Control": "Juyin Juya Halin Sama" don Rufin Hana Hakowa
Hana zane-zane da kuma tsaftace su cikin sauƙi su ne manyan buƙatun fenti masu inganci. A wannan shekarar, wani shafi mai jure wa gurɓatawa (NP-GLIDE) wanda aka gina shi da "ruwa-ruwa-kamar PDMS nanopools" ya jawo hankali. Babban ƙa'idarsa ta haɗa da dasa sarƙoƙin gefe na polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) a kan kashin bayan polyol mai narkewa ta hanyar graft copolymer polyol-g-PDMS, wanda ke samar da "nanopools" waɗanda ba su wuce diamita na 30nm ba.
Ingantaccen PDMS a cikin waɗannan nanopools yana ba murfin saman "kamar ruwa" - duk ruwan gwaji tare da matsin saman sama sama da 23mN/m (misali, kofi, tabon mai) suna zamewa ba tare da barin alamomi ba. Duk da tauri na 3H (kusa da gilashin yau da kullun), murfin yana da kyakkyawan aikin hana ɓarna.
Bugu da ƙari, an gabatar da dabarar "shinge na zahiri + tsaftacewa mai sauƙi" ta hana zane-zane: gabatar da na'urar trimer IPDI cikin polyisocyanate na HDT don haɓaka yawan fim da hana shigar zane-zane, yayin da ake sarrafa ƙaura na sassan silicone/fluorine don tabbatar da dorewar kuzarin saman ƙasa. Tare da DMA (Dynamic Mechanical Analysis) don daidaitaccen sarrafa yawan haɗin gwiwa da XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy) don halayyar ƙaura ta hanyar sadarwa, wannan fasaha a shirye take don masana'antu kuma ana sa ran za ta zama sabuwar ma'auni don hana lalata fenti a cikin kayan mota da 3C casings.
Kammalawa
A shekarar 2025, fasahar rufe fuska ta WPU tana canzawa daga "inganta aiki ɗaya" zuwa "haɗakar ayyuka da yawa." Ko ta hanyar inganta dabarar asali, ci gaban gyaran sinadarai, ko sabbin ƙira na aiki, babban dabarar ta ta'allaka ne akan haɗa "kyakkyawan muhalli" da "babban aiki." Ga masana'antu kamar sufuri na motoci da layin dogo, waɗannan ci gaban fasaha ba wai kawai suna tsawaita tsawon lokacin rufe fuska da rage farashin gyara ba, har ma suna haifar da haɓakawa biyu a cikin "ƙera kore" da "ƙwarewar mai amfani mai kyau."
Lokacin Saƙo: Nuwamba-14-2025