A cikin 2025, masana'antar shafa tana haɓaka zuwa ga buƙatu biyu na "canjin kore" da "haɓaka ayyuka." A cikin manyan filayen rufewa irin su mota da zirga-zirgar jiragen ƙasa, kayan kwalliyar ruwa sun samo asali daga "madadin zaɓuɓɓuka" zuwa "zaɓi na yau da kullun" godiya ga ƙarancin hayaƙin VOC, aminci, da rashin guba. Koyaya, don biyan buƙatun yanayin yanayin aikace-aikacen (misali, zafi mai ƙarfi da lalata mai ƙarfi) da mafi girman buƙatun masu amfani don dorewa da aiki, ci gaban fasaha a cikin rufin polyurethane (WPU) na ruwa yana ci gaba da sauri. A cikin 2025, sabbin masana'antu a cikin haɓaka dabara, gyare-gyaren sinadarai, da ƙirar aiki sun shigar da sabon kuzari cikin wannan sashin.
Zurfafa Tsarin Asali: Daga "Ratio Tuning" zuwa "Balance Aiki"
A matsayin "shugaban ayyuka" a tsakanin rufin ruwa na yanzu, nau'in polyurethane na ruwa guda biyu (WB 2K-PUR) yana fuskantar babban kalubale: daidaita ma'auni da aikin tsarin polyol. A wannan shekara, ƙungiyoyin bincike sun gudanar da bincike mai zurfi a cikin tasirin synergistic na polyether polyol (PTMEG) da polyester polyol (P1012).
A al'ada, polyester polyol kara habaka shafi inji ƙarfi da yawa saboda m intermolecular hydrogen shaidu, amma wuce kima ƙari rage ruwa juriya saboda karfi hydrophilicity na ester kungiyoyin. Gwaje-gwaje sun tabbatar da cewa lokacin da P1012 ke lissafin 40% (g / g) na tsarin polyol, ana samun "ma'auni na zinari": haɗin hydrogen yana haɓaka ƙimar giciye ta jiki ba tare da wuce haddi mai yawa ba, yana haɓaka cikakkiyar aikin shafi-ciki har da juriya na feshin gishiri, juriya na ruwa, da ƙarfin ƙarfi. Wannan ƙarshe yana ba da cikakken jagora don ƙirar ƙirar asali na WB 2K-PUR, musamman don al'amuran kamar chassis na mota da sassan ƙarfe na abin hawa na dogo waɗanda ke buƙatar duka aikin injiniya da juriya na lalata.
"Hada Tsanani da Sassautu": Gyaran Sinadari Yana Buɗe Sabbin Iyakoki na Aiki
Yayin da ingantaccen rabo na asali shine "daidaitaccen daidaitawa," gyare-gyaren sinadarai yana wakiltar "tsalle mai inganci" don polyurethane na ruwa. Hanyoyi biyu na gyare-gyare sun tsaya a wannan shekara:
Hanya 1: Haɓaka Haɗin kai tare da Abubuwan Polysiloxane da Terpene
Haɗin polysiloxane mai ƙarancin ƙarfi-makamashi (PMMS) da abubuwan haɓakar hydrophobic terpene suna ba WPU tare da kaddarorin dual na "superhydrophobicity + high rigidity." Masu bincike sun shirya polysiloxane hydroxyl-terminated (PMMS) ta amfani da 3-mercaptopropylmethyldimethoxysilane da octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane, sa'an nan kuma grafted isobornyl acrylate (wani abin da aka samu na biomass-derived camphene) a kan PMMS sassan sassan ta hanyar UV-initiated thiol-Polypexane dannawa zuwa ga amsawar thiolMSsiloxane-PM.
WPU da aka gyara ya nuna ci gaba na ban mamaki: kusurwar lamba ta ruwa ta yi tsalle daga 70.7 ° zuwa 101.2 ° (kusa da leaf leaf-kamar superhydrophobicity), sha ruwa ya ragu daga 16.0% zuwa 6.9%, kuma ƙarfin juzu'i ya tashi daga 4.70MPa zuwa 8.82MPa. Binciken Thermogravimetric kuma ya nuna ingantaccen kwanciyar hankali na thermal. Wannan fasaha tana ba da haɗin haɗin "anti-ƙanata + yanayin juriya" don sassan layin dogo na waje kamar bangarorin rufin da siket na gefe.
Hanya 2: Polyimine Crosslinking Yana Ba da damar Fasahar Warkar da Kai
Warkar da kai ya fito a matsayin sanannen fasaha a cikin sutura, kuma binciken na wannan shekara ya haɗa shi da aikin injina na WPU don cimma nasarori biyu a cikin "babban aiki + ikon warkar da kai." Crosslinked WPU wanda aka shirya tare da polybutylene glycol (PTMG), isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), da polyimine (PEI) kamar yadda crosslinker ya nuna kaddarorin injiniyoyi masu ban sha'awa: ƙarfin ƙarfi na 17.12MPa da elongation a karya na 512.25% (kusa da sassaucin roba).
Mahimmanci, yana samun cikakkiyar warkar da kai a cikin sa'o'i 24 a 30 ° C-murmurewa zuwa ƙarfin 3.26MPa da haɓakar 450.94% bayan gyarawa. Wannan ya sa ya dace sosai don sassa masu saurin karewa kamar su motocin bumpers da na cikin gida na dogo, yana rage farashin kulawa sosai.
"Nanoscale Intelligent Control": A "Surface Juyin Halitta" don Anti-Fouling Coatings
Anti-graffiti da sauƙi-tsaftacewa sune mahimman buƙatun buƙatun babban sutura. A wannan shekara, abin rufe fuska mai jurewa (NP-GLIDE) dangane da "ruwa-kamar PDMS nanopools" ya ja hankali. Babban ka'idarsa ta ƙunshi dasa sarƙoƙin gefe na polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) akan kashin baya na polyol mai tarwatsa ruwa ta hanyar copolymer polyol-g-PDMS, samar da "nanopools" ƙasa da 30nm a diamita.
Wadatar PDMS a cikin waɗannan nanopools yana ba da rufin saman "ruwa-kamar" - duk gwajin ruwa tare da tashin hankali sama da 23mN/m (misali, kofi, tabon mai) zamewa ba tare da barin alamomi ba. Duk da taurin 3H (kusa da gilashin na yau da kullun), rufin yana kula da kyakkyawan aikin hana lalata.
Bugu da ƙari, an ba da shawarar dabarun hana rubutun rubutu: gabatar da IPDI trimer cikin polyisocyanate na tushen HDT don haɓaka yawan fim da hana shigar da rubutu, yayin da ake sarrafa ƙaura na sassan silicone / fluorine don tabbatar da ƙarancin makamashi mai dorewa. Haɗe tare da DMA (Dynamic Mechanical Analysis) don daidaitaccen iko mai yawa na crosslink da XPS (X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy) don ƙirar ƙaura, wannan fasaha a shirye take don haɓaka masana'antu kuma ana tsammanin za ta zama sabon ma'auni don hana lalata a cikin fenti na mota da casings samfurin 3C.
Kammalawa
A cikin 2025, fasahar suturar WPU tana motsawa daga "inganta ayyuka guda ɗaya" zuwa "haɗin kai da yawa." Ko ta hanyar ingantaccen tsari na asali, nasarorin gyare-gyaren sinadarai, ko sabbin ƙira na aiki, ainihin ma'anar ta ta'allaka ne akan daidaita "abokan muhalli" da "babban aiki." Don masana'antu kamar mota da mota da jirgin ƙasa, waɗannan ci gaban fasaha ba wai kawai tsawaita tsawon rayuwa ba ne da rage farashin kulawa amma kuma suna haɓaka haɓakawa biyu a cikin "samfurin kore" da "ƙwarewar mai amfani mai girma."
Lokacin aikawa: Nuwamba-14-2025