Acetic acidAn fi sani da ACOH, mai suna bayan kasancewar babban sinadari na vinegar, kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman fatty acid.Siffar 'yanci a cikin yanayi gabaɗaya tana wanzuwa a cikin tsire-tsire da yawa.Molecular CH3COOH.Yin amfani da vinegar yana da tarihin dubban shekaru.A zamanin d China, an rubuta shi a cikin vinegar.Amma mai da hankali acetic acid shine ingantaccen littafin sinadarai wanda Stahl ya kirkira a shekara ta 1700. Pure acetic acid ruwa ne marar launi kuma yana da ɗanɗano mai ban haushi.Matsayin narkewa shine 16.6 ° C, wurin tafasa shine 117.9 ° C, kuma ƙarancin dangi shine 1.049 (20/4 ° C).Mai narkewa a cikin ruwa, ethanol, glycerin, ether da carbon chloride;insoluble a cikin carbonide.Crickets na ruwa marasa ruwa suna hadewa zuwa nau'in kankara, wanda aka fi sani da ice acetic acid.Lalata.Yana da rauni kuma Organic acid, acidicity na acid, kuma zai iya haifar da esterization halayen tare da barasa.
Abubuwan sinadarai:Acetic acid(AcOH) carboxylic acid mono-rauni ne.Yana da halayen halayen carboxylic acid.Yana amsawa da wasu karafa, ƙarfe oxides da hydroxides don samar da gishiri.Yawancin acid acetic suna da amfani mai mahimmanci.Basic ferric acetate [Fe (C2H3OO) 6OH (OOCCH3) 2] da [Fe3 (C2H3OO) 6 (OH) 2 (OOCCH3)] da gubar acetate aka yi amfani da matsayin mordant, kuma ferrous acetate aka yi amfani da bugu.An cire acetic acid da barasa.Hakanan za'a iya aiwatar da esterification tare da unsaturated hydrocarbon ƙarƙashin aikin mai kara kuzari.Alpha-hydrogen za a iya maye gurbinsu da halogens;Da formaldehyde a karkashin aikin mai kara kuzari, cikin layin Chemicalbook na barasa aldehyde condensation;Lokacin da nitric acid aka nitrated a cikin acetic acid, za a iya inganta yawan nitrating.Ana iya samar da amsa tare da benzoyl chloride, acetyl chloride da benzoic acid.Ana iya amfani da acetic acid don samar da nau'o'in mahimmanci masu mahimmanci, irin su methyl acetate, ethyl ester, propyl ester, butyl ester, da dai sauransu, shine kyakkyawan ƙarfi a cikin sutura da masana'antar fenti.Cellulose acetate, wanda aka samar ta hanyar hulɗar acetic anhydride da cellulose, ana iya amfani dashi don yin fim, fenti da kuma robobi daban-daban.Carboxymethyl cellulose za a iya shirya ta chloroacetic acid.Acetate na vinyl da acetic acid da acetylene suka samar shine muhimmin kayan albarkatun kasa don hada magunguna, dyes da kayan yaji, da kuma mahimmancin ƙarfi don maganin roba.Acetic acid yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen samar da masana'antu da haɗin gwiwar kwayoyin halitta.
Filin aikace-aikace
Amfani da masana'antu
1. Acetic acidbabban samfuri ne na sinadarai kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman acid ɗin halitta.An fi amfani dashi don samar da ethidine, ethyls da ethyl acetate.Za a iya yin polyetate ethyl ester a cikin fim da m, kuma shi ma danye ne na roba fiber Velun.Ethyl acetic acid cellulose na iya yin siliki na wucin gadi da fina-finai na fim.
2. The ethyl acetate kafa ta low-grade barasa ne mai kyau ƙarfi ƙarfi da kuma amfani da ko'ina a cikin fenti masana'antu.Saboda yawancin abubuwan da ke narkar da acetic acid, acetic acid kuma ana yawan amfani da abubuwan kaushi na halitta (misali, don samar da phenyl acidic acidic acid acid).
3. Acetic acid za a iya amfani da a wasu pickled da goge mafita, a matsayin buffer (kamar galvanizing da sinadaran nickel plating) a cikin rauni acid bayani, ƙara Additives a cikin wani hemuminal haske nickel -plated electrolyte, da passivation na zinc da cadmium The Magani na iya inganta ƙarfin dauri na fim ɗin wucewa kuma ana amfani dashi sau da yawa don daidaita pH na plating mai rauni.
4. Ana amfani da shi wajen samar da gishirin karfe, irin su manganese, sodium, gubar, aluminum, zinc, cobalt da sauran karafa, wadanda ake amfani da su a matsayin masu kara kuzari, rini na masana'anta da masana'antar fata.Gumar Fouritic acid shine reagent na kwayoyin halitta (kamar tetraitic acid gubar za'a iya amfani dashi azaman mai ƙarfi oxidant, tushen acetyl oxygen, da shirya mahaɗan gubar na halitta, da sauransu).
5. Acetic acid kuma za a iya amfani da azaman analytical reagents, Organic kira, pigment da kuma magani kira.
Amfanin abinci
A cikin masana'antar abinci,acetic acidana amfani dashi azaman wakili na acidified.Lokacin da aka yi amfani da wakili na ƙamshi da kayan yaji don yin vinegar na roba, ana diluted acetic acid zuwa kashi 4-5%, kuma ana ƙara dandano iri-iri.Mai arhaA matsayin wakili mai dandano na acid, ana iya amfani dashi don kayan yaji.An shirya don amfani da vinegar, gwangwani, jelly da cuku.Hakanan zaka iya shirya abubuwan ƙanshi tare da 0.1 ~ 0.3 g/kg.
Adana da sufuri
Kariyar ajiya: Ajiye a cikin ɗakin ajiya mai sanyi, mai iska.Ka nisantar da wuta da zafi.A cikin hunturu, ya kamata a adana zafin jiki sama da 16 ℃ don hana ƙarfi.Rike akwati a rufe.Ya kamata a adana shi daban daga oxidant da alkali, kuma kada a haɗa shi.An karɓi hasken da ba zai iya fashewa da wuraren samun iska.Kada a yi amfani da kayan aikin inji da kayan aikin da ke da saurin walƙiya.Wurin ajiya ya kamata a sanye shi da kayan aikin jinya na gaggawa da kayan riƙewa masu dacewa.
Kariyar kai: Wannan samfurin za a jigilar shi ta motocin tanki na aluminium da kamfanonin aluminum ke bayarwa yayin jigilar layin dogo, kuma za a ba da rahoton yarda da sassan da suka dace kafin jigilar kaya.Dole ne a gudanar da sufurin jirgin ƙasa da ba a gwangwani ba daidai da jerin abubuwan tattara kaya masu haɗari a cikin "Dokokin jigilar kayayyaki masu haɗari" na Ma'aikatar Railways.Marufin ya zama cikakke kuma abin lodi ya zama lafiya.Lokacin sufuri, tabbatar da cewa kwandon bai zube ba, rushewa, faɗuwa ko lalacewa.Motar tanki da ake amfani da ita wajen sufuri yakamata ta kasance tana da sarƙar ƙasa, kuma za'a iya shirya ramin ramuka a cikin ramin don rage tsayayyen wutar lantarki da girgiza ke haifarwa.An haramta shi sosai don haɗuwa da oxidant, alkali da sinadarai masu cin abinci.Ya kamata zirga-zirgar ababen hawa ta bi hanyar da aka tsara, kar a tsaya a wuraren zama da cunkoson jama'a.
Lokacin aikawa: Maris 23-2023